Zoroastrian Mythology Free Essays

string(58) " the person has done righteous deeds, and goes to heaven\." Myth Zoroastrianism was founded by Zarathustra (also known as Zoroaster) between 8000 and 2500 years ago. He lived in northeast Persian (Iran) near the border of Afghanistan and Turkmenistan and was born on the banks of the Daraja River. He is considered by some to be the world’s First Prophet and is credited with the invention of the concept. We will write a custom essay sample on Zoroastrian Mythology or any similar topic only for you Order Now Zarathustra faced few difficulties when it came to gaining adherents to his new religion, and quickly amassed a great number of them in the early days. Zarathusa composed the Zoroastrian holy hymns called the Gathas, seventeen of which remain today. However, scholars believe that many more were written by him that were lost in the ages. The holy book of Zoroastrianism is the Avesta. When people refer to the Zend Avesta, they mean the Avesta plus the later commentary added during the Sassanian Dynasty of Persia (226 BCE to 651 CE). The Gathas of the Avesta were said to have been divinely inspired, and Zarathustra received a total of seven visions from the Amesha Spentas (â€Å"Beneficent Immortals,† or sometimes rendered as ArchAngels). Ahura Mazda is the supreme god of Zoroastrianism. The god of Goodness and Light, he is mainly symbolised with fire. There exists conflict between him and Angra Maiyu (Ahriman), who is the arch-nemesis â€Å"The Lie†. Zoroastrians believe that every human is born with a Fravahi, a Guardian Spirit, which helps a person distinguish Right from Wrong. However, since humans have Free Will, they have a choice. This means that actively choosing Right is entirely up to each person themselves. Although operating in the same domain, the Fravashi are distinguished as being different from conscience. They both exist in a psychic region that is mysterious and profound, because although the Right and Wrong are learned from the teachings of this religion, big moral decisions such as murder and theft are condemned by religions of all backgrounds and thus are different. Originally, Ahura Mazda created only a spiritual world, Menog. However, the Fravashis pleaded that Ahura Mazda give the world physicality so that they would become capable of action. Although Ahura Mazda warned them that through the creation of a material world, Evil and Death would enter into Creation, he later relented and altered Menog so that it became Getig, the physical world we live in. The Amesha Spentas, or Beneficent Immortals, were originally envisioned by Zarathustra as attributes of the supreme god Ahura Mazda, but over time Zoroastrians began imagining these ideas in bodily forms. For example, Kshathra Vairya, the spirit of Strength and Dominion, can also be interpreted as the positive trait of natural leadership able to be inwardly cultivated by humans. Other attributes-turned-deities include: Conscience, Victory, Wind, Rain, as well as a few local geographical features, like mountains or rivers. The Haoma, a plant sacred to Zoroastrians, is also personified as a deity. Zoroastrianism incorporated older religions into its belief system. Mithra, an ancient pagan god from the pre-Zarathustra days, became known as the deity of Heavenly Light. The concept of Good and Evil is debated in the religion. Some say it existed before the beginning of the material world, while others say that it is absent from the rest of Creation, and exists only in the human heart. The Renewal Of The World is the correct Zoroastrian term for The End Of The World. They believe that at that time, the dead will rise and the wicked shall be purified and all will live in peace and harmony. Before that blessed event can occur, there is to be an end to the battle of Good versus Evil. The Good Forces will be led by three Saviors known as the Sashoyant. During or after battle, the world will be destroyed by fire, and according to Zoroastrian scholars (Sherpa), â€Å"molten metal will cover the Earth like water. The Righteous will wade through, but the unrighteous will be consumed by it.† Originally, the Saoshyant was a term that applied only to the followers of Zarathustra who thought this event was at hand; later, the term Saoshyant switched over to the messianic interpretation it has today. In Zoroastrianism, each person possesses an eternal, individual Soul. Everything they think, say and do over the course of their lifetime comprises their soul. At dawn the third day after death, the Soul will meet the three judges: Mithra, Sraosha, and Rashnu. The Soul will then pass to the Chinvat Bridge, where it will meet its Daena (personal guide), which represents their conscience. If the person is deemed to have been good, the Deana will be beautiful with sweet breezes caressing the Soul as it crosses the Chinvat, which will remain broad and easy for them to cross. However, if the person is deemed evil, the Deana will be a grotesque, foul-smelling hag and passage over the Chinvat Bridge will be impossible due to its narrowing, causing the unfaithful to fall and plummet into Hell, which is below the Bridge. Doctrine Zoroastrianism is a highly ethical religion because of the struggle to choose between good and evil, Ahura Mazda or Angra Mainyu. Zoroastrians are taught that humans are free to choose between Right and Wrong, Truth and Lie, Light and Dark, etc., and that the choices they make would ultimately affect their destiny and their eternal afterlife. In the battle between Ahura Mazda and Angra Mainyu, which has raged for over 12 000 years, Ahura Mazda is said to always have had the upper hand. Belief in the afterlife is taught, and it is determined by the balance of Good and Evil deeds, words, and thoughts. If Good outweighs the Evil, the afterlife achieved is heaven. If the Evil outweighs the Good, then that soul is sent to hell. Hell has different levels dependent on the severity of the person’s actions. When the person dies, the soul goes on a journey on the Chinvat Bridge, along with the guardian spirit. The bridge will widen if the person has done righteous deeds, and goes to heaven. You read "Zoroastrian Mythology" in category "Papers" If it narrows, then the person committed evil deeds, and they fall down into Hell below. They also believe in angels/demons, resurrection of the body, and a messiah figure. The Zoroastrian creed is â€Å"Good Words, Good Thoughts, and Good Deeds.† They recite this creed while tying their kutsi around the sudreh three times, one for each statement. This ritual is practised several times a day with prayer. Ritual The sacrality of fire is one of the most noticeable features of Zoroastrianism. Mnay of their tmples have fires that have been burning continuously for hundreds of years. These consecrated fires often contain fires from as many as sixteen different sources. Of the sources, one has to be lightning, which is seen as fire sent directly from the supreme deity, Ahura Mazda, god of Goodness and Light. Similar to Muslims, Zoroastrians divide their day into five periods; at the end of each period a Zoroastrian will pause to recite the appropriate prayer from their holy book, the Avesta. Divining the future is a Zoroastrian practice that is ritually performed by a early priests who would imbibe the juices of the sacred Haoma plant mixed with milk to obtain visions. In the Avesta, the priestly codes, the prayers, and the teachings of Zoroastrianism (the story of how the early Iranians, an Aryan people, came down out of Southern Russia in search of grazing lands and settled the Iranian plateau) are found. Also listed in the Avesta are â€Å"the 72 Names Of Ahura Mazda† which include: The Sustainer, The Maintainer, The Creator, and The Nourisher. These are ritually memorised and committed to memory by many of the adherents. Traditionally, Zoroastrians follow a holy calender. However, as the few remaining practitioners have become dispersed (most now live in India as the Parsis), there exists three Zoroastrian calenders. This means that their Holy Days fall on different days of the year dependant on which calender is used. There are seven main festivals, with the most important being Navruz, the celebration of fire and Truth. The other six festivals are the Gahambars, which are linked to the agricultural cycle. There is also a movable ceremony, Jashan, that can be used any time of the year to commemorate weddings, house-warmings, or other times of gratitude and happiness. In the past, some ceremonies of Zoroastrianism called for imbibing bull’s urine. Currently, pomegranate juice is substituted. In Zoroastrianism, where there is belief in free will, the Navjote ceremony is held when a child becomes old enough to begin taking responsibility for their own actions. The age for this varies by region, and is held when the child is between the ages of seven and fifteen, dependant on region. All Zoroastrians are required to wear a ceremonial thread around their body, the Kusti, at all times. Special knots on the thread are tied and untied during certain prayers. The Dakhma, or the Tower Of Silence, is one important aspect of traditional Zoroastrianism. This is a building constructed without a roof to which the dead are taken to be devoured by vultures. Since early Zoroastrians viewed death as the most unclean thing imaginable, they abhorred the idea of burying bodies, and because fire was considered holy, they refused cremation as well. Hence, the Dakhma was created. Inside a Dakhma, males corpses are separated from female ones, and bodies of children from those of adults. Another aspect of the death ritual in traditional Zoroastrianism is that a dog is brought to the dead body to look upon the face of the corpse. This is done to verify death and also to drive away evil spirits. Ethics The Zoroastrian religion lays tremendous emphasis on morals and ethics. A Zoroastrian is expected to make a conscious effort every moment of his or her life, to reject all forms of evil and the lie – in thought, word and deed and endeavour at all times to walk on the path of Asha (truth and righteousness). Asha is the Law Immutable, the Law Eternal, the Cosmic Law of Order and Harmony on which the entire Universe is based. It is through Asha that Ahura Mazda created the universe and it is through Asha that mankind will attain perfection and be one with Ahura Mazda. In the Hoshbam prayer we aspire, â€Å"Through the best Asha, through the highest Asha, may we catch sight of Thee (Ahura Mazda), may we approach Thee, pay we be in perfect union with Thee†. It is only by walking on the path of Asha that man can attain union with his maker. The colophon to the Yasna is quite explicit on this point, â€Å"There is but one path, that of Asha, all other paths are false paths†. According to Zoroastrianism, it is the sum total of a man’s thoughts, words and deeds which will determine the fate of his soul in the other world – it is these thoughts, words and deeds, good or bad, which will lead his soul either to he gates of heaven or to the pathway of hell. The Zoroastrian scriptures enumerate a number of virtues, which a Zoroastrian should aspire and endeavour to cultivate and imbibe, and a number of vices from which he should guard himself and struggle to keep away. Some of the virtues (not necessarily in the order of importance) are as follows: Unflinching faith, devotion and love for Ahura Mazda and His prophet, Zarathushtra; Offering the Faraziyat (obligatory) prayers and thanking Ahura Mazda, the Amesha Spentas and Yazatas for Their Grace and Bounty; Observing and upholding all the tenets and traditions of the religion and community, Speaking the Truth always. According to Herodotus, the Persians laid great stress on speaking the truth, riding a horse and archery and this formed the basic education for all Persian children. According to Yasna 31.19 â€Å"A truth-speaker receives honour and is a master without fear†, while according to the Sarosh Yasht Hadokht, â€Å"By speaking true words we receive many victories; Moderation in matters of food, drink and other worldly pleasures. Neither fasting nor gluttony and neither celibacy nor lechery is desirable; Charity and love for all human beings. Zoroastrianism does not look down upon acquisition of wealth. In fact, wealth is seen to be fundamentally positive, provided it is put to judicious use and used for the well being of others. According to Yasna 43.1 â€Å"He is a good man through whom goodness reaches other persons in all places. God gives such persons greatness; Industry and honest toil. According to Yasna 46.12 â€Å"those who make the world prosperous through good thoughts and honest endeavours are those who live a virtuous life in good thoughts. The Visperad (7.1) also praises, â€Å"industry and courage.† Conversely according to the Visperad (18.2), â€Å"a man who is idle is worthy of hell†; Keep a promise at all cost. In fact Yasna 61.3 strongly advises, â€Å"keep away from a covenant breaker and from one who tampers,† Aspire for higher knowledge and acquire wisdom under a proficient teacher; Respect ones elders and superiors. â€Å"He who does not show respect to an elder will never receive honour† (Yasna 29.6); Honesty and integrity in ones dealings in this world; Forgiveness, mercy and tolerance- According to the Denkard, a good Zoroastrian must strive to make enemies his friends; purify the sinful and make the ignorant well-informed; Sincerely atone for ones sins (committed knowingly or unknowingly) by doing patet. And now for the vices from which a Zoroastrian should guard himself and struggle to keep away: Anger and jealousy- According to the Yasna 49.4 â€Å"Those who promote wrath and jealousy are of evil intellect;† Greed and idleness- Yasna 16.8 warns â€Å"Keep away from the greed of a wicked man†, Arrogance-Little knowledge, power and wealth could makes a man arrogant. Arrogance leads to other vices and the road of ruin. The Ardibehest Yasht warns us to â€Å"keep away from these who have arrogant thoughts†; Sloth – In the Atash Niyayesh 5.11, we pray â€Å"I sleep for the third part of a whole day (i.e. eight hours). May God give me no more sleep so that I can wake up on time.†; Foul language – The Denkard consider use of foul or abusive language as a sin equal to telling lies; Petty and unwarranted quarrels, arguments and violence; Bad company and literature; Malice and vengefulness; Zoroastrians believe that everyone is equal: â€Å"Men and women, rich and poor, and young and old are all seen as equal† (BBC). Abortion- They believe that a soul has been formed when a women is four months and ten days pregnant and believe that abortion is murder. Reincarnation- it is not believed in Zoroastrianism and is foreign/unknown to them. Homosexuality- There is a line in the Vendidad that states that homosexuality is sinful/devil worshipping: â€Å"The man that lies with mankind as man lies with womankind, or as woman lies with mankind, is the man that is a Daeva [demon]; this one is the man that is a worshipper of the Daevas, that is a male paramour of the Daevas.† This means that they would be against it. FUN FACT– they have major beliefs in the Humata Hukhta Hvarshta, which is â€Å"good thoughts, good words, good deeds.† Could not find any reliable sources that talked about alcohol/drug use or suicide and capital abuse and the Zoroastrian view. Personal experience Material Culture The main symbol in Zoroastrianism is the sacred fire. It must burn continually at the fire temple, and needs to be fed at least 5 times a day, along with the 5 prayers a day. Zoroastrians believe that fire purifies and also represents the presence of Ahura Mazda. The Faravahar is the most common symbol in the Zoroastrianism. It reminds the adherents of their purpose in life and to live in the ways of Ahura Mazda. (insert a pic of the faravahar) The imagery of a disc with wings likely originated as a sun with wings. Later, a human torso was added to the symbol. The archer in a feathered robe represents Ashur, an Assryian god. Over time the image became a symbol of the Zoroastrian religion. Presently, the symbol is often used to depict a guardian angel, who would guide dead souls into the afterlife. Social Organisation The Zoroastrian community is divided into two groups: the hereditary priests and the laity. The influential families are those that have members strategically distributed throughout the most important sectors of society, each prepared to support the other in order to ensure family prestige and status. Politically, there is no supreme head of the Zoroastrians in Iran, which had Zoroastrianism as a state religion in the past. In each city, there is a Zoroastrian association known as the â€Å"Anjoman Zardoshtian.† Its governing members are elected by the community. Today the anjoman in Tehran, owing to its location, has developed a position of leadership; however, local affairs are handled by the local anjoman. In addition to these associations, each city has a youth club, which is mainly involved with sports and cultural activities. In Tehran, a Zoroastrian Women’s Association has also been established. Government officials do recognize minority groups such as the Jews, Christians, and Zoroastrians. They are permitted to sustain organizations, elect a representative to the Majlis (lower house of Parliament), maintain religious schools, and publish periodicals; however, they are restricted in political activities. Non-Muslims cannot reach command positions in the armed forces and cannot achieve policy-making positions in government. The Zoroastrian community was formerly organized through priest rotation; now it is through appointments and by the influence of the anjoman structure. Formerly there was a katkhoda, a local political leader, and, at the highest level, the kalantar (magistrate) of the entire Zoroastrian community. Social Control. Of concern to the Zoroastrian community are the ritual calendar, the upkeep of the priesthood, and conversion. There is also a conflict between the younger generation and the older one, which is more orthodox. The community is in transition, and the population is attempting to become Westernized. Conflict. Boundaries have always been maintained between the various religious groups such as the Muslims, Jews, Christians, Zoroastrians, and Baha’is, especially under the Islamic government. One of the ways to alleviate intercommunal tension is to allow non-Zoroastrians to enter the fire temples. Muslims have been seen participating in the funerals of Zoroastrian friends. In the past, because of strict Zoroastrian observance of the laws of purity, this was not permitted. Until 1885, the Zoroastrians were subject to various forms of persecution. They were not allowed to wear rings, and their girdles were made of rough canvas. Until 1895, they were not permitted to carry umbrellas or wear glasses or spectacles. Until 1896, they were forced to twist their turbans instead of folding them (Malcolm 1905, 45). How to cite Zoroastrian Mythology, Papers

The Rise Of Adolf Hitler Essay Example For Students

The Rise Of Adolf Hitler Essay Hitler came to power in Germany in the 1930s. His reign as Fhrer of the Third Reich is known as one of the darkest periods of world history. He desired to build a supreme race. He believed the Jewish race was too large and too economically strong. To aid him in his quest for the supreme German race and to conquer Germanys economic woes, he waged a war of holocaust against the Jewish people and any weak human beings. This became known as Hitlers Final Solution. America has risen to one of most powerful nations in the world. The mosaic of people that make up the melting pot of the world are entirely responsible for the success of this country. Diverseness unifies a nation, while prejudice and discrimination cause emotional and physical separation among the inhabitants of a country; A nation divided cannot stand. Adolph Hitler and the Nazis, however, chose to follow their theories and ideas of creating a supreme race despite the contradiction with the universal principles that acknowled ge the power of diversity. Jews, Gypsies, Poles, Slavs, the physically and mentally disabled, Jehovahs witnesses, homosexuals, political prisoners, dissenting clergy, and others who were considered unworthy of being a member of society, all fell Nazi victims. Over eleven million diverse, innocent people were slaughtered by the Nazis as a result of their desire to create an identical race of people. Before Adolph was born, three children died. He was the only and beloved son, then brother Edmund was born, and Adolf was given less time, then Adolfs sister appeared in the family, he always had the most tender feelings for Paula. In the first grade, Hitler studied only as an excellent student. In the old monastery of Catholics, he went to the second class, learned to sing in the church choir and helped during the Mass. I first noticed the swastika at the Abbot Hagen on his coat of arms. Adolf several times changed schools because of parental problems. As soon as he was 13 years old, the father died. And the young Adolf refused to fulfill the request of the parent. He did not want to become an official; he was attracted to painting and music. After the fourth grade, the education certificate was rated â€Å"A† only in physical culture and drawing. At first, he tried to enter the Academy of Art, as he had an extraordinary talent and craving for visual arts but failed the entra nce exams. The next few years, the biography of Adolf Hitler was filled with poverty, vagrancy, odd jobs,  topic of constant moving from place to place, shelters under the city bridges. There is a statement that Hitlers daughter  wrote the biography. All this time, he did not inform his relatives or friends about his location, as he was afraid of being drafted into the army, where he would have to serve along with the Jews, to whom he experienced deep hatred. The beginning of the battle biography of Adolf Hitler The First World War was accepted by Hitler with joy, he himself was asked to serve in the Bavarian army, participated in many battles, received the rank of corporal, was wounded and had many military awards. Considered a brave and brave soldier. He has wounded again, even lost his sight. After the war, the authorities found the fate of Hitler in the composition of the agitators necessary, where he proved himself a skillful master of the word, he knew how to hold the attention of people listening to him. All this period of his life, Hitlers favorite reading became anti-Semitic literature, which basically shaped his further political views. Soon everyone got acquainted with his program of the new Nazi Party. Later, he gets the post of chairman with unlimited rise to power. Allowing himself too much, Hitler began to take advantage of his post to incite the overthrow of the existing government, was convicted and sent to prison. There he finally believed that the Communists and Jews shoul d be exterminated. At the same time, Adolf Hitler wrote his work, for example,  Ã¢â‚¬Å"Mein Kampf,† in which he outlined his autobiography and the idea of  national socialism. From this moment, the oppression of Jews and Gypsies began in the country, the trade unions were closed and the â€Å"Hitler era† began, which was completely saturated with human blood. He declares that the nation of Germany should rule the world. Hitler finds many supporters who unequivocally appoint him to lead the armed forces, founded personal security service in the SS ranks, and established torture and death camps. Physics Lab Report EssayWorld War II To strengthen the mass base of his regime, Hitler carried out a number of activities designed for popular support. Was sharply reduced, and then eliminated unemployment. Large-scale actions on humanitarian aid to populations in need have been launched. Mass, cultural and sporting festivals, etc., were encouraged. However, the basis of the policy of the Hitler regime was preparation for revenge for the lost World War I. As a conclusion,  the industry was reconstructed, large-scale construction was launched, and strategic reserves were created. He dreamed of getting even for the fact that once, in World War I, Germany capitulated. He was ill, in a hurry to carry out his plans. In the spirit of revenge was carried out propaganda treatment of the population. Adolf Hitler went on gross violations of the Versailles Treaty, which limited the military efforts of Germany. A short Reichswehr was turned into a million Wehrmacht, tank forces and military aircraft were restored. The status of t he demilitarized Rhineland was canceled. With the acquiescence of the leading European powers, Czechoslovakia was dismembered, the Czech Republic was absorbed, and Austria was annexed. Enlisting the approval of Stalin, Hitler sent his troops into Poland. In 1939, the Second World War began. Having achieved success in hostilities against France and England and having conquered almost the entire western part of the continent, in 1941 Hitler turned his troops against the Soviet Union. The defeats of the Soviet troops at the first stage of the Soviet-German war led to the occupation of the Baltic republics, Belarus, Ukraine, Moldova and parts of Russia by the Hitler troops. In the occupied territories, the most severe occupation regime was established, which destroyed many millions of people. However, from the end of 1942, the Nazi armies began to suffer defeat. In 1944, the Soviet territory was liberated from occupation; hostilities were approaching the German borders. The Nazi troops were forced to retreat in the west as a result of the advance of the American divisions landed in Italy and on the coast of France. Fuhrer suicide In 1944, a conspiracy was organized against Adolf Hitler, the purpose of which was to physically eliminate him and make peace with the advancing Allied forces. The Fuhrer was aware that the complete defeat of Germany is inevitably approaching. Adolf Hitler committed suicide on April 30, 1945, in a surrounded Berlin, along with his mistress Eva Braun (with whom he had married the day before).

The Great Depression Essay Example For Students

The Great Depression Essay Outline1 Introduction2 Popular topics3 Depression essay example4 Conclusion Introduction At college or at university, students are often required to complete essays and other writing assignments on particular topics or issues. The topic and the methods usually depend on the field of studies. In the psychological field, one of the most complex and controversial issues is depression. The number of people experiencing depression is only growing over time, and thus, it is important to investigate the issue and all the related aspects from different perspectives. This article will be helpful for college students studying Psychology, Medicine, Health Care, or other related disciplines. It provides a hook for writing essays about depression by offering necessary information on a good essay about depression structure and the most popular topics concerning depression. Popular topics We will write a custom essay on The Great Depression specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now The study of depression involves numerous controversial and relevant topics, which can become themes for your essay about depression. For example, the essay can be focused on exploring the nature of depression and related disorders or on measuring how common and serious depression is. Besides, among the popular topics, one can choose to write a paper on The Depression Signs, The Causes and Effects of Depression, Treatment Successfully Used to Overcome Depression and other topics. Choosing the right topic is the key to success in writing an essay. Besides that, you have to develop a strong and arguable thesis in your paper. Finally, you should show your awareness of the topic at both theoretical and practical levels. Your essay can be descriptive. At the same time, like the majority of essays, it can be argumentative providing strong arguments supporting the thesis. Depression essay example Depression is a complex and multi-sided phenomenon. It is not just a feeling of sadness  that every person can have. As compared to sadness, depression can be characterized by a longer duration and higher intensity, and it strongly influences people’s everyday lives. A person with depression usually loses the ability to feel pleasure and interest to everyday activities and instead, suffers from the feelings of hopelessness. Consequently, depression can often lead to the development of thoughts about suicide. Besides, the primary symptoms of depression include a considerable increase or decrease in appetite, fatigue, and sleeping disorder. As a result, a person’s body also suffers because of the mental state. Researchers differentiate between major depression and dysthymic disorder. Patients with a major disorder are those who have experienced the mentioned disease indication for some period. At the same time, these signs are rather severe and can be experienced in an intense form. People with dysthymia disorder experience the mentioned symptoms in a less severe form typically for two years or more on the majority of days. Even though the term â€Å"depression† has been used in the scientific field only for less than a hundred years, the notions of sadness, melancholy, and depression have been long known in society. Nowadays, as more and more people are experiencing depression, the study of this disorder has significantly improved. In addition, researchers state that today, antidepressants are the most frequently prescribed medications in the United States. One of the most popular ways of treatment for patients with depression is the use of St. John’s Wort herb. Other ways of treatment that can be recommended for use are exercise, Omega-3 oils, SAMe, and 5-HTP. They can be used either as stand-alone alternatives of therapy or as complementary medicines. At the same time, the success in the use of these therapies strongly depends on individual characteristics, such as the person’s reactions to different remedies and the severity of his/her symptoms. .u1720ae3b5c0439de6a7344d124c6feac , .u1720ae3b5c0439de6a7344d124c6feac .postImageUrl , .u1720ae3b5c0439de6a7344d124c6feac .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u1720ae3b5c0439de6a7344d124c6feac , .u1720ae3b5c0439de6a7344d124c6feac:hover , .u1720ae3b5c0439de6a7344d124c6feac:visited , .u1720ae3b5c0439de6a7344d124c6feac:active { border:0!important; } .u1720ae3b5c0439de6a7344d124c6feac .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u1720ae3b5c0439de6a7344d124c6feac { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u1720ae3b5c0439de6a7344d124c6feac:active , .u1720ae3b5c0439de6a7344d124c6feac:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u1720ae3b5c0439de6a7344d124c6feac .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u1720ae3b5c0439de6a7344d124c6feac .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u1720ae3b5c0439de6a7344d124c6feac .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u1720ae3b5c0439de6a7344d124c6feac .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u1720ae3b5c0439de6a7344d124c6feac:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u1720ae3b5c0439de6a7344d124c6feac .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u1720ae3b5c0439de6a7344d124c6feac .u1720ae3b5c0439de6a7344d124c6feac-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u1720ae3b5c0439de6a7344d124c6feac:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: The Kite Runner By John Kite EssayTypically, depressed people use a combination of different therapies as it is supposed to produce better results. It is apparent that a person should use professional help for defining the best combination of remedies that can be recommended for use regarding a particular situation. For instance, the use of complementary medicines for depressed people is combined with psychotherapy. In the majority of cases, psychotherapy is viewed as a strongly beneficial way of treating depression. The matter is that the opportunity to talk to someone about your problems can not just lead to the symptoms relief but can help to reveal the main ground of d epression and the best ways of overcoming it. What is more, in most cases psychotherapy help patients find ways for dealing with their everyday problems. Conclusion Depression as a complex and multi-sided psychological phenomenon is a popular issue discussed in student essays. These writings usually discuss the indications of the illness as well as the effect of depression on everyday life and the severity of this illness. Researchers prove that depression can be treated if a person asks for professional help and uses a combination of therapies to fight the symptoms. With regard to that, papers about depression can also be focused on the exploration of the existing ways of medical care and their effectiveness for people with depression.

Romanticism and Transcendentalism essays

Romanticism and Transcendentalism essays Nature, as William Cullen Bryant pointed out, speaks a various language in its many changes and so serves the imagination as an expression of our own inner changes. (p. 123-124) Nature is a part of each and every single one of us. Especially for the Romantics and Transcendentalists. They had their own theories on life and how everything works around it. The Romantics and Transcendentalists believed in the strength of the individual and through that learned the true meaning of life. The same theories where brought upon us in the movie Phenomenon. The Romantics believed that people found truth from within their own senses and everything happens for a certain reason. He who, from zone to zone, guides through the boundless sky thy certain flight, in the long way that I must tread alone, will lead my steps aright. (p. 151) George also believed that the light shinned upon him because the world was trying to tell him something he never knew before. He believed that it didn't matter if a person was lost in their thoughts or did not know what to do with life, because there was always an answer and the one above will always guide everyone. Both the Romantics and the Transcendentalists believed in the strength of the individual or in other words, non conformity. That is basically one of the reasons why George did not fit into the town when he went through the changes. Society does not like changes, it likes to stay normal and constant with minimum changes. Transcendentalists believed that everything and everyone is made up of the earth. They believe that one is not 16 or 17 years old, but one is as old as this universe. Transcendentalists also believed in the over soul and finding truth from spiritual aspects. That spirit is one and not compound; that spirit does not act upon us from without, that is, in space and time, but spiritual ...

Relating Physical and Service Performance in Local Government Communit Essay

Relating Physical and Service Performance in Local Government Community Facilities - Essay Example It leverages the economies of scale and is based on real needs. The factors critical to FM in an organization include organizational characteristics, facilities feature, business sector, culture and contexts. FM is no more restricted to business units but is greatly needed in the education sector, medical and health care sector and in care homes which are highly service oriented and case specific. It is also used in â€Å"smart† homes using technology to enhance facilities and support services. In the case of care homes, the stay of the service users is long term and hence the need for individualized service is even more pronounced. Consumers are vulnerable and their choice of home is more serious and complex than choosing other consumer goods in care homes. FM has a long way to go and can contribute to giving a strategic direction to any organization. It requires a professional approach with a trained facilities manager having different skills. It is usually the non-core acti vities that need to be addressed professionally. These activities, despite being non-core functions are in alignment with the core objectives and business goals. While its focus remains the workplace, the facilities extended are beyond the space that is provided. The FM function has to fit with the nature and demand of the organization. It provides better infrastructure and logistics support to the business unit. The support services are given priority based on the key role they play in support of the key business activities. FM works as a key strategic function in reducing risks and gaining advantages for the organization of facility resource issues. The most important element that matters at the end is customer satisfaction – what the business unit is achieving in relation to the expectations of the customer. Aligning the management of facilities with the institutional strategic aims and objectives goes beyond the role of providing space as the need arises.

Investigating and Developing Ready-to-Eat Desserts Dissertation

Investigating and Developing Ready-to-Eat Desserts - Dissertation Example This dissertation reveals that the market for chilled desserts is estimated to be worth 302 million in 2004, which showed an increase of 29% since 1999. The market is split into two key sectors, loosely described as 'sharing desserts' and 'fresh cakes', which includes fresh in-store bakery items as well as pre-packed sliced cakes and desserts. The dessert sector is larger with 51% value share delivering a 13% growth across the period since 2000. However, it is the fresh cake sector, which has driven the largest growth, 40% up from its 2000 value to account for 49% of the category. A report by the 'Mintel' group has some interesting findings and is worth discussing. Mintel International group, which is a market research and consumer intelligence group, provides expert analysis on all aspects of consumers' economic activity. Mintel's latest report is based on an up-to-date market and original consumer research and offers ideas and motivation one needs for designing clever, creative and profitable marketing plan in the chilled desserts market. In conclusion, Mintel's report has been designed to help identify the important factors that determine the scale and nature of the UK chilled dessert market. Mintel's consumer intelligence is supposed to provide valuable insight to unlock some of the secrets of the dessert market for the more effective-and more profitable-business plan. The findings show that 48% of the consumers have eaten ready-to-eat desserts in the last 12 months while 32% believe that frozen foods are as good as fresh ones. Women are 50% more likely to buy cheesecake (34% versus 25%) and 33% more likely to buy a cream cake than men (32% versus 20%). Research design Shop Research For the shop research, visit was made to Tesco food joint in Trent Vale. I surveyed the range of desserts, both frozen and chilled and made notes of the products, the main ingredients, the price, packaging, and portion size. The survey result is shown in the following table: Type of dessert Ingredients Price (per head) Packaging Portion size Texture Remark Tiramisu Italian dessert Cream and chocolate topped chocolate cookie crust 39.95 Cardboard and plastic Serve 8 Not too soft to the touch Outstanding1 Chocolate tart with cranberries Chocolate, cranberries 19.95 plastic Serve 12-16 Soft Terrific3 Profiterole Butter, sugar, cream, vanilla, yolks, milk 2.25 plastic Individual soft Outstanding1 Lemon pudding Lemon, cream, sugar, 1.29 plastic Individual soft Excellent4 Tunisian lemon pudding Almond and lemon topped with cream and fresh berries 22.95 Cardboard and plastic Serve 12 Soft to touch but not too soft Excellent2 Ranking order *1,2,3,4 The survey revealed that most desserts are packed for 8 to 12 people, so price for individual portion had to be worked out by taking out the averages. Most of the desserts were served in porcelain plate or bow. Packaging is done either in plastic or cardboard or both. The individual price range of all the desserts was within 2 except Tiramisu Italian dessert individual portion

Paraphrasing of PCR methodology Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Paraphrasing of PCR methodology - Essay Example This was followed by further addition of one volume of phenol into the tube before centrifuging at 5000 rpm at room temperature. The phenol was obtained by saturating it with NTE of pH 8.5. The next step involved removal of the upper phase and putting into a separate microcentrifuge tube and adding one volume of chloroform:isoamyl alcohol mixed at a ratio of 24:1. The mixture was then centrifuged for 10 minutes at 5000rpm. The last three procedures were conducted (X4) making certain that no material remained at the interphase. The preparation was then removed and 2 volumes of 100% ice cold ethanol added following a previous addition of 1/20 volume of 3M sodium acetate. This was then centrifuged again at 3000 rpm for 5 minutes to obtain DNA pellets that were left to dry. Later, they were suspended in a 50Â µl TE buffer such as 10mM EDTA. This allowed for quantification and assessment of the purity of the DNA using a nanodrop spectrophometer 2000C series. The first step involved calibration of the Eppendorf and Sartorius Biohit pipettes. This was done to ensure that they provide accurate readings. The actual preparation of the mixture entailed adding 2.5ul of 10X ionic buffer, 0.5ul dNTPs, 0.75ul MgCl2, 0.5ul GAPDH forward primer, 0.5ul GAPDH reverse primer, 0.1 Taq, 18.15ul molecular water and 2ul of DNA Template designated THP1. Each 0.2ml PCR tube was filled with 25ul of the supermix. The supermix, DNA template and the primer values of the consecutive experiments 2, 3,4,5,6 and 7 will be changed to obtain the optimal condition of the PCR detection of the PTEN gene. Similarly, in the other experiments, PTEN and GAPDH will be the primers, which will use different cell lines such as HACAT, MM6, Hela, Caski and THP1. The PTEN and GAPDH primers are product of the SIGMA-ALDRRICH company, whereas the cell lines were obtained from the American type culture