the 1940s Essays

the 1940s Essays the 1940s Essay the 1940s Essay 2004. Web. 19 May 2013.. Development. Pipe Tape. N. p. , n. d. Web. 19 May 2013.. Dirks, Tim. Film History of the 1940s. Film History of the 1940s. N. p. , n. d. Web. 19

Discuss changes and similarities in Roman Republic art and Essay

Talk about changes and similitudes in Roman Republic craftsmanship and design rather than Roman Imperial workmanship and engineering - Essay Example This examination expects to assess and introduce one element which is recognizable from the Republican time of Roman craftsmanship. This is the propensity to emulate Greek models of figure. Greek specialists were abundantly appreciated by the Romans, in form as well as in writing, music and a wide range of expressions and specialties. In form this impact can be seen plainly in the solid, semi-stripped bodies and the static stances which ooze a superb and honorable position: â€Å"Critics are joined in recognizing the colossal obligation owed to Greece by all parts of Roman art.† A genuine case of the way that Romans imitated Greek culture in the beginning of the Republic can be found in the sculpture of Diaoumenos which is a marble duplicate of a Greek bronze. The distinctive material makes it fairly stiffer and more formal than the bronze unique more likely than not been, yet it shows a comparable distraction with physical esteem. Vergil’s record of the early history o f Rome contains a lighting up section on the contrasting worth frameworks that existed among Greeks and Romans. Anchises says: â€Å"Others will cast their breathing figures all the more softly in bronze and bring progressively exact representations out of marble. Roman, recall by your solidarity to run earth’s people groups for your specialties are to be these: to conciliate, to force the standard of law to save the vanquished, fight down the proud.† This recommends the accentuation for Romans may have been more on the imagery of intensity and authority that these sculptures passed on, than valuation for the physical excellence of the piece. There are additionally specialized contrasts in the manner that the Romans adjusted Greek methods and styles. Jackson calls attention to that the Roman funerary rights regularly included the creation of reasonable demise covers, from which additionally representations in three dimensional marble could be made later, and clarifies the verism recently republican picture sculptures as being mostly gotten from this convention: â€Å"the passing veil underlines the development of the face and skull, while Hellenistic workmanship shows more worry for the plastic interpretation of muscle and for the surface detail generally.†

Project Management Plan Integration Processes

Question: Talk about theProject Management Plan for Integration Processes. Answer: Portrayal of Appropriate Organizational Documentation for Recording Strategies and Goals for Integration Processes The documentation of the techniques and objectives for the reconciliation procedure is significant for auditing the exhibition of the undertaking after the procedure of combination is finished. The systems and objectives can be utilized to build up the task scope the executives, deal with the execution of the undertaking, observing of the venture exercises associated with the undertaking just as controlling them so as to accomplish the ideal objectives (Krajewski, Ritzman and Malhotra 2013). Toward the end this documentation additionally helps in the controlling the coordinated change. Advancement of Project Management Plan An undertaking the board plan is considered as the conventional record which is endorsed by all the partners associated with the task to deal with the execution of the venture. This report is records the essential activities and assets that should be incorporated, arranged and composed in the few arranging exercises. The Documents that Should be Included in the Project Management Plan The records that should be remembered for a task the board plan are recorded beneath, Cost the executives plan which is to be produced from, cost estimation process. Hazard the board plan record that will be produced from chance administration arranging. Quality administration arranging archive and procedure improvement arranging them two will be created from quality administration arranging (Young 2013). Staffing the board arranging archive produced from the human asset arranging. Finally the acquirement the board arranging report from the procedure of plan buy and obtaining of the arrangement (Krajewski, Ritzman and Malhotra 2013). References Krajewski, L.J., Ritzman, L.P. what's more, Malhotra, M.K., 2013.Operations administration: procedures and flexibly chains. New York: Pearson. Youthful, T.L., 2013.Successful task management(Vol. 52). Kogan Page Publishers.

Confusion In Marketing - A Critique Of Two Articles - 1375 Words

Confusion In Marketing - A Critique Of Two Articles (Article Critique Sample) Content: CONFUSION IN MARKETING: A CRITIQUE OF TWO ARTICLESBy Student NameInstructorCourseDateThis paper provides a critical review of two articles on confusion in marketing. The critical analysis will look at the research problem, hypothesis, research questions, research design, the conceptual framework, sampling and data collection, criteria for inclusion or exclusion, ethical considerations as well as data collection procedures. The conclusion will evaluate whether these components have been addressed through the research design chosen by the researchers.Research Problem, Hypothesis and Research questions The research problems and objectives are provided by the researchers in the two articles. Balabanis and Craven (1997) attempt to empirically determine the factors that lead to brand confusion, which is a major problem among consumers and manufactures. Unlike Balabanis and Craven, Loken, Ross and Hinkle (1986) set their thesis on the perception of source of origin. The two studies do not explicitly state the research questions, but these can be deduced from the objectives and hypothesis set out by the researchers. The Conceptual FrameworkBalabanis and Craven use the Foxman et al (1992) conceptual framework to explore consumer confusion emanating from lookalikes. On the other hand, Loken, Ross and Hinkle have used a guiding hypothesis as conceptual framework for their study.Research DesignA research design is a framework used by the researcher to help in gathering and analyzing data (Hakim 2012). There are various designs that a researcher can choose from depending on the type of research or the aims of the study. The two studies have used two different research designs in their work. Balabanis and Craven have used an exploratory design, whilst Loken, Ross and Hinkle have used a descriptive research approach. The exploratory research design, as the same suggests, is aimed at discovering ideas or insights on a given subject under study (Hakim 2012). I t helps the researcher to develop a better understanding of a given situation, and does not aim at generalizations. This framework is used by Balabanis and Craven to gain insights on confusion arising from own brand lookalikes. On the other hand, Loken, Ross and Hinkle (1986) used a laboratory framework in investigating consumer confusion of origin and brand similarity perceptions. The objective of Loken et al is to measure the extent of brand confusion. Therefore, the use of the descriptive approach would be critical or helpful in providing a framework for conceptualization as well as an empirical measurement of brand confusion. Descriptive research describes a situation (Celsi, Money, Samouel and Page 2012) by providing measures of an event or activity (Cronin et al 2000). This is accomplished by statistics such as mean, standard deviation, mode, median and measures of dispersion among other statistical tools (Celsi, Money, Samouel and Page 2012). However, for Balabanis and Craven , their focus was on understanding the consumers predisposition to confusion, which necessitated the use of an exploratory research design. Although there is a limited use of quantitative techniques such as standard deviation, median and mode, in an exploratory research, more reliance is placed on qualitative approaches such as interviews, observation and questionnaires (Celsi, Money, Samouel and Page 2012).Sampling and Data Collection ProcedureThe key concern of the sampling is how well it represents the targeted population (Hakim 2012). This underlies the population validity, which is the degree to which the results of the study can be replicated in the wider population. In other words, it helps the researcher to make generalizations. A common error in sampling is that the sample size pooled for a study does not reflect or is not identical to the target market. For instance, Balabanis and Craven have a sample size of 50 respondents that were randomly pooled from a single retailer. This cannot be used to generalize the buying behaviour across the larger population (Churchill, Gilbert and Surprenant 1982). Although the sample size was small, it was, to some extent, diverse. For instance, age and gender were used with the findings showing that old people were more inclined to be confused about brand lookalikes. Another common error in sampling is having a narrow sample. This is the problem with Loken et al, as they only focused on a group of students only or a one-stage cluster sampling (Levy and Lemeshow 2013). Although the sample size is larger with, 112 respondents, it only deals with people with almost similar characteristics such as age groups and buying preferences (Astous Gargouri 2001). Although sometimes a researcher can be interested in a certain characteristic, say a student who has not been confused by brands, the focus of the study would have better used a broad population base such as the one used by Balabanis and Craven (Levy and Lemeshow 2013, Cohen 1999). The problem with the Loken et al is that sampling errors can be much higher. Levy and Lemeshow (2013) states, sampling errors associated with estimates obtained from simple one-stage cluster sampling are generally higher than those obtained from a simple random sample (p. 439). The two articles used questionnaire and observation methods to generate data for analysis. In Balabanis and Craven, observation and interviews were made possible using show cards, while Loken et al used slides for the students to observe and make decisions. Use of the questionnaire helped the researchers quantify and interpret data using statistical tools to test their assumptions (Levy and Lemeshow 2013). Criteria for inclusion/exclusionBalabanis Craven targeted shoppers who had purchased and were on their way out of the retail store. The respondent was included if he or she had purchased an item indicated on the questionnaire. If not, the respondent was excluded from the study. In addition, br ands were included on the basis of visual similarity. In the study by Loken et al (1986), an effort was made to include product categories that were frequently used by students. In addition, inclusion included popular brands in each product category, and selected private label brands with similar and dissimilar appearance to national brands. Multiple products were included to explore possible differences and minimize the possibility that findings result from the idiosyncratic nature of a selected category. Ethical ConsiderationEthical considerations in research are important. Respondents should be informed early as to the purpose of the study. Research involving human beings should not be carried out without the informed consent of the participants, and since some of the issues raised by the participants might touch on their personal lives. In the study by Loken et al, the students were informed of the purpose of the study after the end of the term, which was unethical. It should ha ve been proper ethical procedure to inform them before carrying out the study so they could decide whether to get involved or not. The ethical protocol in Balabanis and Craven is to have a short questionnaire to minimize respond...

Analysis Of Guernica By Picasso - 943 Words

Walking through the Museo Reina Sofia in Madrid, I came across an artwork that I will never forget, ‘Guernica’ by Picasso. I was first awestruck at the sheer vastness of the piece; something that cannot be properly conveyed when studying it from a book. I was then captivated by the tortured allegorical images emulating the agony of conflict. It is amazing to think that one painting can portray such a powerful comment on modern warfare and the destruction that it leaves behind. It is this aspect of History of Art that truly fascinates me. Art has many roles amongst society. It speaks to us on issues of religion, politics, history and fashion to name a few. The arts can provide a though-provoking commentary and innovative insight on a myriad of global ideas. It has the limitless capacity to evoke memories of the past and induce intellectual thought for the future. I have thoroughly relished the opportunity my History of Art A Level has provided me, to learn about the diverse history and cultures of the Western world and the evolution of its art. I particularly enjoyed studying and writing comparative essays of Renaissance art, from both northern and southern Europe, of which there was an astoundingly high level of both artistic and architectural creation throughout. History of art has also taught me how to visually interpret artworks. Understanding how to read a painting can unlock so much hidden meaning and depth; from the use of composition, linear planes, colour,Show MoreRelatedGuernica Pablo Picasso Analysis2140 Words   |  9 Pages Pablo Picasso was an extraordinary painter during the 20th century that really captivated the world in the way that he saw it. He wouldn’t captivate the world in an ordinary way, or as some people would see it. A painting by Pablo Picasso that demonstrates this very well is Guernica. Guernica was pa inted after Germany bombed Spain the midst of the afternoon on April 26, 1937. The bombing lasted for almost four hours. Once the bombing was over around seven hundred homes were destroyed, and manyRead MoreExplanative Essay on Guernica625 Words   |  3 Pagesâ€Å"Guernica† is one of the most well-known paintings in the world. It was painted by Pablo Picasso in 1937. The painting itself measures 11ftx 26.5ft. â€Å"Guernica† depicts the bombing of the Spanish town of Guernica during the Spanish civil war. The whole thing is done in a cubist style not surprising since Picasso is known for his cubism. In the painting there are people and animals alike all of them in pain and or suffering. â€Å"Guernica† is also filled with symbolism that Picasso incorporated intoRead MoreArtwork Analysis Pablo Picasso1433 Words   |  6 Pages Artwork Analysis Ashleyann Mabatid Azusa Pacific University College Abstract This report examines the history of the artist Pablo Picasso and his famous painting of the Guernica. Artwork Analysis Report Pablo Picasso was born on October 25, 1881, in Malaga, Spain. His full name is Pablo Picasso’s gargantuan, his full name represents a variety of relatives and saints like â€Å" Pablo Diego, Josà © Francisco de Paula, Juan Nepomuceno, Marà ­a de los Remedios CiprianoRead MorePablo Picassos Guernica Essay1395 Words   |  6 PagesPablo Picasso. A household name to many - be it good or bad. Pablo Picasso is one of the most famous and influential artists of the 20th century. He is best known, as pablopicasso.org states, â€Å"for co-founding the cubist movement and for the wide variety of styles embodied in his work.† This was an odd progression considering the fact that most of his younger years were spent painting in a mostly realistic style. This all began to change around the 12th century, when Picasso began to push theRead MoreGuernica a Paint by Pablo Ruiz Picasso1471 Words   |  6 PagesPicasso: Guernica â€Å" I paint objects as I think them, not as I see them.† These are the words of the wise Pablo Ruiz y Picasso, a famous and talented artist in the 19th and 20th century. Many have crowned him the most influential artist of his time. Many of his works including Les Demoiselles dAvignon, Ma Jolie, and Girl Before a Mirror have set the tone for many artists to follow after. However, Guernica was one of his most famous of his pieces, painting a nearly perfect emotional picture of whatRead MoreEssay on Critical Analysis - Picassos Guernica1561 Words   |  7 PagesCritical Analysis of Guernica - By Bryce Craig Spanish artist Pablo Picasso can often be collectively seen as the greatest and most influential artist of the twentieth century. In a historical sense he encompassed all that is to be a practicing modernist artist and prevailed as one of the most significant artists overall in human history. Picasso’s most well renowned painting presents to his audience a graphic reflection of the horrors and brutality of war; Guernica (1937) depicts the SpanishRead MoreGuernica, By Pablo Picasso907 Words   |  4 Pagessee it straight on, you see the profile, and you see the back of the head. Picasso uses this technique in most of his paintings to express the entire meaning to the audience. In the painting Guernica, cubism is used to show all the sides of war. War is terrifying. It is bone chilling; causes pain and despair. There is nothing good about war. Every side, every angle is dark and unsettling. Pablo Picasso’s painting Guernica, is a perfect portrayal of the chaos and terror of war. My whole life asRead MoreGuernic Guernica, Pablo Picasso2517 Words   |  11 PagesUNIT 2: SAC 1 – Guernica, Pablo Picasso Pablo Picasso, a Spanish born artist, had become the most well known name in modern art, with the most diverse and definite style and eye for artistic formation. There had been no other artists, prior to Picasso, who had such an influence on the art world; this is successfully demonstrated through his artwork titled ‘Guernica.’ Guernica makes a sturdy and solid political statement, painted as an immediate reaction to the Nazi’s devastating casual bombingRead MoreEssay on Analysis of Picassos Guernica3998 Words   |  16 PagesAnalysis of Picassos Guernica Picasso’s Guernica is one of the most powerful and disturbing anti-war paintings ever produced. I have always admired Picasso’s works and wanted to write a dissertation on some aspects of his work. I first saw his Guernica as a poster in my History of Art room. I was fascinated by it and wanted to find out more about its background. I then went to Madrid and saw this vast painting in the Rene Sofia Museum. Its scale and disruptiveness intrigued me to studyRead MoreVisit The Leepa Rattner Museum1233 Words   |  5 Pagesperspective. The first painting that really drew my attention was the full sized image by Picasso called Guernica. The proportion and balance of the painting is astounding. The scene portrayed in Guernica is a room filled with moving, shouting and anguished adults, and creatures. Also, I was told by someone at the museum one of the more fascinating parts of the piece, and that is that it is done in monochrome. Generally, Picasso was known for his energetic abstract and cubist works of art, so why did he pick

The Experience Of A Young Lady Named Mamie - 1045 Words

The individual whom I had the pleasure of interviewing for this experience is a young lady named Mamie. While I have known of Mamie for several years now, I have never had the opportunity to really sit down and have a true conversation with her. She is 14 years old and is the daughter of one of my mother’s coworkers. Last Monday, I was able to meet with Mamie and interview her in an attempt to get a glimpse into the life of the average adolescent. While my adolescent years are not too far in the past, I was fascinated to see this developmental period from a different perspective. My interview consisted of questions concerning current life experiences that allowed me to see certain aspects of development that we have discussed in class. Like most teenagers, the social aspect of Mamie’s life is important to her. She enjoys having sleep-overs and spending time with her friends. Her favorite activity playing basketball. She plays both for her school team and for a travel te am. Most of her friends are fellow teammates from her basketball team. She said she originally started playing basketball because all of her friends were playing, and she did not want to feel left out. One of Mamie’s biggest worries is that her friends will go on a trip or have a sleepover without inviting her. As stated in the textbook, children of Mamie’s age range tend to include social aspects in their self-descriptions. Mamie illustrated this concept in the way that she describes herself as a basketballShow MoreRelatedEssay on Collection of Poems by Various Authors3882 Words   |  16 PagesCollection of Poems by Various Authors Poet Biography, Edgar Allan Poe The Raven by Edgar Allan Poe Mamie by Carl Sandburg Explication, Mamie by Carl Sandburg Two Strangers Breakfast by Carl Sandburg Mag by Carl Sandburg Explications of Two Strangers Breakfast and Mag by Carl Sandburg Reasons Why by Langston Hughes Explication of Reasons Why by Langston Hughes The Faces of Our Youth by Franklin Delano Roosevelt Enjoyment, Explication, The Faces of Our Youth by FranklinRead More Charles Mingus Essay1611 Words   |  7 Pagesas more and more poor people migrated into the city, and the small suburb of Watts turned into a black ghetto inside of a single decade. But young Mingus was pretty much protected from all the social pressure. His family was basically middle-class. His father has remarried, and Mingus’ step mother had soon taken an active role in his education. Mamie Carson Mingus encouraged her step-children to take an interest in music. This has soon taken shape in the form of violin and piano lessons forRead MoreSororities2222 Words   |  9 Pagesimpacted African American women in society and their community as well. Howard University has been the start of majority of the first African American sorority groups. The first African American sorority that came about was Alpha Kappa Alpha. A woman named Ethal Hedgeman and eight other women in Liberal Arts School formed the sorority called Alpha Kappa Alpha in 1908. The other members included Beulah E., Lillie Burke, Margaret Flagg Homles, Marjorie Hill, Lucy Diggs Slowe, Marie Woolfolk Taylor, AnnaRead More A Modern Black Arts Movement through the Instrument of Hip-Hop3322 Words   |  14 PagesThe spoken word has long been an important element in African art. It is deeply rooted tradition that has manifested itself in a stream of poets that have served as clarifiers of the ‘ultimate realities’ that Black people face. And so the fact that young Black men and women choose to express themselves through poetry over rhythms should not be surprising to anyone familiar with the tradition of African artistic expression (Gladney 10). With the establishment of M.C. orientated hip-hop there surfaced

Strategic Human Capital Management free essay sample

Introduction Atlantis Global Corporation is a multinational organization that manufactures electronic circuit boards for high definition television screens, has relocated some personnel to three of its subsidiaries in hopes that the subsidiaries would be self-sustainable and profitable. The company’s CEO, COO and the Board of Director John is worried about global competition and losing AGC’s manufacturer of electrical circuit boards of high definition televisions. John seems to ignore the problem with the company’s employee situation and that there have been several employees that have left to go work with other organizations due to being unhappy with their current working conditions. John also shows no knowledge of managing employees and does not think that they have anything to do with AGC’s problems. Shawn who has been recruited, who is the Director of Global Human Capital Management at AGC, to come in and diagnose the company’s human capital issues, set up a new strategic path for AGC. Shawn is also an expert in change management and motivational leader. I have been recruited to work along Shawn and work closely with him to establish a cross cultural team that will help address global challenges, provide guidance and provide recommendations to each objective. Shawn and I are concerned after meeting with John that he never mentioned anything concerning the employees at AGC and that he does not think that the employees have an impact on the company’s success. The human capital in fact has an impact on the company’s success and if not dealt with and managed properly the company will continue to do poorly. An upcoming meeting with the company’s board of directors and John, Shawn asks you for advice on how to approach the board on its lack of knowledge on global human capital, some examples from other organizations that will help them gain knowledge on the subject and doing all of this without offending or embarrassing the board and John. How should John approach the board? First off go in with confidence but not too much, if you want the receiver’s attention, understanding, and interest you want to communicate from their view point. Here are some pointers to use; first using understandable vocabulary so that you can easily explain to them and not bore them with big words will be helpful. You can refer to your own personal shared experiences with other organizations with similar problems and how you dealt with the situation and how that company is doing today, in other words get their interest. Let them know that your suggestions are to help the company and not to criticize anyone. Be clear on any suggestions you make and ask them if they have any questions, this way you know they are paying attention and understand your suggestions. Some other ways to approach the board is to use a power point presentation that explains the company’s background and where the company is today. You can also ask the board for their points of view on the power point and see if they see what is happening and what suggestions they might have to make the company start to make a profit again. Delivering message without embarrassing the board on its lack of knowledge: Start off by letting the board of directors know what it is you do and the services you can provide to better the company. In every company there are pressures in the long term health of an organization and having employee commitment is very critical and important drivers for success. Applying a risk methodology to management for human capital addresses issues like failure to attract required employees or selecting the wrong person for the job, unsatisfactory performances which could be due to lack of knowledge, which in this scenario the employees are trained for 3 to 4 months before working on their own. If there are workers leaving because of not being happy at what they do or they are not being treated fairly, then we need to know what we can do to fix the problem, why this problem is even happening. I think a survey sent out to the employees to fill out on their job description, how well they like their job and any suggestions they might have to make their jobs better would be a start. Organizational Change Management is the framework for managing new effects or organizational structure or cultural changes within an organization. Any organization can face a change and there are steps that make these changes easier. Some changes can be planned or unplanned, and slow to a radical change. Change can be through customers, suppliers, stakeholders, technology, or employees. You cannot control change but you can react to it in a way that will make it easier to adapt. Every business is out to compete with another and having a strategic plan in place can help a company strive to meet their customer needs. (Repurposed from HRM445-1301B-03, February 21, 2013). Illustrate the intrinsic value of human capital Since intrinsic value of an organization is driven by its profitability, risk and growth the value will face major changes that can be overcome by a different way of doing things like adopting new practice to drive the changes in the company’s management model, operating practices and strategy choices. Intrinsic value is something one is good in and enjoys doing it, for example someone who enjoys the nature of their work. Extrinsic is something that is focused on social or financial rewards. You see something you want so you go out and buy it like a pair of shoes, they would have extrinsic value because they are comfortable and they make you feel good. Examples of other organizations that provide the boards knowledge about Global Human Capital Companies that are global in today’s world, there is no way to manage workers effectively the same in all countries. What managers need to realize and understand is that there are cultural differences, which managers will need to adjust their styles of communication. To be successful, we must create a management team with diverse backgrounds, and act as interpreters to organizations goals. The human capital that is needed for globalization is poor, and in areas such as elevating more women to be in leadership positions, having that incorporates diversity. Will Shawn’s leadership style help him during the meeting? Shawn’s leadership style will help him motivate the board and even employees to both perform better, therefore the organization will benefit and be more profitable. Shawn is also a leader and his leadership skills along with his motivation will help him with the board members to see what this company has potential for. Shawn realizes that employees are the key to any organization and without them and the proper training a company will not thrive.

What do you find interesting about the way Shakespeare presents the opening scene in King Lear to the audience Essay Example For Students

What do you find interesting about the way Shakespeare presents the opening scene in King Lear to the audience? Essay I find it interesting the way that Shakespeare shows that there are different sides to each characters personality, so that the audience is unsure of who to place their sympathy with. The way that people are referred to as being like objects throughout this scene is also interesting. I also find it interesting the way that Cordelia is presented as being not quite so perfect towards the end of the scene as Lear thinks she is at the start of the scene. This could suggest to the audience that Cordelia has never shown her true feelings prior to this scene. Lear is presented by Shakespere as being quite old and possibly losing his better judgement, and it is interesting the way that Regan and Gonerill seem to be plotting against him which could shift the audiences sympathy towards Lear. We will write a custom essay on What do you find interesting about the way Shakespeare presents the opening scene in King Lear to the audience? specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now The way Shakespeare presents Gonerill as having two sides to her is interesting. When she gives her speech, Gonerill makes a huge effort to convince Lear that she loves him most, I love you more than word can wield the matter, Beyond all manner, these words suggest her love goes further than she can say. She could also be trying to imply that she loves Lear beyond her two sisters. However her attitude towards Lear changes when she is speaking to Regan in the last part of the scene, If our father carry authority, the word if suggests that Gonerill does not respect her father, and that she or others do not necessarily belive he carries authority any longer. I also find the way Burgundys attitude toward Cordelia dramatically changes when he finds out that she no longer has any money interesting. When he thinks she still has money, Burgundy says I crave no more than hath your highness offered nor will you tender less? the word crave suggests that Burgundy is greedy and he is always craving money, or it could suggest an addiction to money. The words your highness could suggest to the audience that Burgundy is always really polite to Lear to get more money. Where Burgundy says Nor will you tender less? could suggest that Burgundy has guessed that something is wrong and he is getting worried. When Burgundy learns that Cordelia has no money, he says, Pardon me, royal sir Election makes not upon such conditions. The Pardon me, royal sir again suggests that Burgundy does not want to fall out of Lears favour. The pause in-between Pardon me and royal sir could suggest that Burgundy is very cross that Lear is not going to give him any money and he is going to say something, but then he re-thought his position and decided to be polite. The word election could suggest that Burgundy is only marrying Cordelia for the money, as it is an unromantic way to describe getting married. Also the words such conditions could suggest that Burgundy can not even bring himself to say what has happened. This  shows the audience that Burgundy has two sides to him as it suggests that he only wanted to marry Cordelia for money, which could make the audience lose any sympathy they had for him, as when you marry someone you are supposed to love them. However it could make the audience feel sorry for him as maybe he just wants some land so that he can provide for Cordelia. However Shakespeare makes it very hard for the audience to feel like this as Cordelia says since that respect and fortunes are his love which suggests that Burgundy only loves money. It could also suggest that Burgundy feels he would not be respected if he married Cordelia without gaining any land. It could also suggest that Burgundy would lose the respect of Lear if he married Cordelia. .u6bba02fc4e25d25b02d7e84e181510dc , .u6bba02fc4e25d25b02d7e84e181510dc .postImageUrl , .u6bba02fc4e25d25b02d7e84e181510dc .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u6bba02fc4e25d25b02d7e84e181510dc , .u6bba02fc4e25d25b02d7e84e181510dc:hover , .u6bba02fc4e25d25b02d7e84e181510dc:visited , .u6bba02fc4e25d25b02d7e84e181510dc:active { border:0!important; } .u6bba02fc4e25d25b02d7e84e181510dc .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u6bba02fc4e25d25b02d7e84e181510dc { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u6bba02fc4e25d25b02d7e84e181510dc:active , .u6bba02fc4e25d25b02d7e84e181510dc:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u6bba02fc4e25d25b02d7e84e181510dc .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u6bba02fc4e25d25b02d7e84e181510dc .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u6bba02fc4e25d25b02d7e84e181510dc .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u6bba02fc4e25d25b02d7e84e181510dc .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u6bba02fc4e25d25b02d7e84e181510dc:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u6bba02fc4e25d25b02d7e84e181510dc .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u6bba02fc4e25d25b02d7e84e181510dc .u6bba02fc4e25d25b02d7e84e181510dc-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u6bba02fc4e25d25b02d7e84e181510dc:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Macbeth scenes analysis EssayThe way that people throughout this scene are described as objects is interesting as it raises the issue of value and how the people in the play are seen as material possessions to Lear, which could make the audience lose their sympathy towards him. It could also make them wonder if Lear is only doing this because he is growing old or if he has always been like this. An example of this is when Lear says that Cordelias price has fallen which suggests that he thinks of everyone in terms of how much they are worth to him. Also where he says Shes there, and she is yours sounds like he is disclaiming her as if she is an object. The phrase she is yours makes its sound like he doesnt want her anymore, there is no sign that he has any problem letting her go. The words are also suggestive of someone disposing of a thing rather than a person. The word is could almost sound like Lear is forcing Cordelia upon Burgundy. Also the phrase Shes there is strange because it sounds like Lear thinks that Burgundy might not have seen her. It could also suggest that Lear is saying that that is all she is and nothing else will come with her. The effect this has on the audience is varied. It could make them wonder if Lear is only disclaiming Cordelia as if she were an object because he isnt in his right mind, or whether he truly means it. It could also make them feel sorry for Lear because the fact that he is disclaiming Cordelia as if she were an object suggests that she really hurt Lear. However it isnt just Lear who describes Cordelia as an object, France also describes her as an object when he says That she whom even but now was your best object. This could suggest to the audience that everyone in the play sees people as being objects, he also says Thee and thy virtues here I seize upon. The word seize sounds like he is seizing and object before someone else takes it. This could make the audience wonder  if France is similar to Lear in any way. I find the way that Shakespeare hints towards the end of the scene that Cordelia is not the perfect daughter Lear thought she was interesting. It could be suggested to the audience that Cordelia has never shown her true feelings before this. This could be suggested when she says Time shall unfold what plighted cunning hides; Here Cordelia could be suggesting that in time all true feelings come out. This could suggest to the audience that she has always felt like this but has never shown it before. When Cordelia describes her sisters as The jewels of our father it could again be suggesting to the audience the idea that everyone in this play is valued only as an object. The word jewel suggests high value. The words of our father could suggest that they her sisters now belong to her father like objects. I find the way that Lear is presented as possibly losing his better judgement interesting as even in the first scene it is implied to the audience that Lear is going to make a huge mistake. It may also make them feel sorry for him later in the play when Gonerill and Regan turn on him. In the last lines of this scene when Gonerill and Regan are talking to each other the audience is shown that Gonerill and Regan are aware that Lear may be losing his better judgement and they are wondering what to do, Such unconstant starts are we like to have from him as this of Kents banishment. The words unconstant starts suggest that Lear has been unconstant in his judgement. The words as this of could suggest to the audience that Kents banishment is just one example of the bad judgement that Lear has made, suggesting that Lear has been feeling the effects of age for a while. .uc789ca8d118f9015490c757ef1bb9f22 , .uc789ca8d118f9015490c757ef1bb9f22 .postImageUrl , .uc789ca8d118f9015490c757ef1bb9f22 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .uc789ca8d118f9015490c757ef1bb9f22 , .uc789ca8d118f9015490c757ef1bb9f22:hover , .uc789ca8d118f9015490c757ef1bb9f22:visited , .uc789ca8d118f9015490c757ef1bb9f22:active { border:0!important; } .uc789ca8d118f9015490c757ef1bb9f22 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .uc789ca8d118f9015490c757ef1bb9f22 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .uc789ca8d118f9015490c757ef1bb9f22:active , .uc789ca8d118f9015490c757ef1bb9f22:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .uc789ca8d118f9015490c757ef1bb9f22 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .uc789ca8d118f9015490c757ef1bb9f22 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .uc789ca8d118f9015490c757ef1bb9f22 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .uc789ca8d118f9015490c757ef1bb9f22 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .uc789ca8d118f9015490c757ef1bb9f22:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .uc789ca8d118f9015490c757ef1bb9f22 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .uc789ca8d118f9015490c757ef1bb9f22 .uc789ca8d118f9015490c757ef1bb9f22-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .uc789ca8d118f9015490c757ef1bb9f22:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: How does Shakespeare and Duffy approach the theme of love EssayThis could lead the audience to believe that Lear has made a mistake in banishing Cordelia. This is also suggested to the audience when Gonerill says He always loved our sister most, and with what poor judgement he hath now cast her off appears too grossly. The words poor judgement definitely suggest to the audience that Lear was wrong to banish Cordelia, and that his judgement is no longer sound. The way that Gonerill and Regan appear to be plotting against Lear at the end of this scene could make the audience feel sorry for Lear as he has banished one daughter and the other two are plotting against him. The last part of the scene could also suggest to the audience that Gonerill tried and succeeded in turning Regan against Lear. This is suggested throughout the last part as Gonerill keeps saying we. However Regan doesnt use this word until her last line of this scene. It is also suggested when Regan says We shall further think of it and Gonerill then says, We must do something, and Ithheat. This  could suggest that Regan only wants to think of what to do, which could suggest to the audience that she doesnt really want to hurt Lear. But when Gonerill says we must do something and then the scene ends, it could suggest to the audience that Regan is convinced that they must do something as she doesnt argue back. My view of a part of this scene I am going to do the part where Burgundy says Pardon me, royal sir, Election makes not up in such conditions Firstly as Burgundy is shocked by the news that Cordelia has fallen out of Lears favour I would have him striding up to the throne as he is saying Pardon me in an angry voice and looking quite angry that he wont be getting any money. I think this should happen because I think that Burgundy would be really angry that he had spent all this time being all friendly and polite towards Lear to get money which is suggested by the fact that he wont marry Cordelia if there is no money involved. As he does this one or two guards should come up and pull him back from Lear as they think Burgundy is going to hurt Lear. I think that this should happen because it would suggest to the audience that Lear may have a lot of guards looking out for him, which could suggest that he is getting paranoid as he is getting older. Then, still a bit cross Burgundy should pull away from the guards and look like he is going to say something else but thought better of it. Then his expression should change into a fake smile and he should put on a patronising voice when he says royal sir. This could suggest to the audience that Burgundy thinks he can sweet talk his way around Lear and possibly still get some money. Then to emphasise this, Burgundy should gingerly approach the throne to show the guards that he poses no threat to Lear, and he should say Election makes not up in in a patronising voice, but possibly with a bit of anger in his voice as well to show the audience that he is still cross about what has happened. Then there should be a pause, as if Burgundy is trying to think about how to phrase his point without offending Cordelia too much. Which could suggest to the audience that he does actually like her, but without her money she just isnt enough. Then he should say such conditions carefully, as if he is worried about what Lears reaction is going to be. Again suggesting to the audience that Burgundy doesnt want to get on the wrong side of Lear and is still perhaps hoping that he can get some money.

How to Combine Arrays in Ruby

How to Combine Arrays in Ruby What is the best way to combine arrays? This question is quite vague and can mean a few different things. Concatenation Concatenation is to append one thing to another. For example, concatenating the arrays [1,2,3] and [4,5,6] will give you [1,2,3,4,5,6]. This can be done in a few ways in Ruby. The first is the plus operator. This will append one array to the end of another, creating a third array with the elements of both. Alternatively, use the concat method (the operator and concat method are functionally equivalent). If youre doing a lot of these operations you may wish to avoid this. Object creation is not free, and every one of these operations creates a third array. If you want to modify an array in place, making it longer with new elements you can use the operator. However, if you try something like this, youll get an unexpected result. Instead of the expected [1,2,3,4,5,6] array we get [1,2,3,[4,5,6]]. This makes sense, the append operator takes the object you give it and appends it to the end of the array. It didnt know or care that you tried to append another array to the array. So we can loop over it ourselves. Set Operations The world combine can also be used to describe the set operations. The basic set operations of intersection, union, and difference are available in Ruby. Remember that sets describe a set of objects (or in mathematics, numbers) that are unique in that set. For example, if you were to do a set operation on the array [1,1,2,3] Ruby will filter out that second 1, even though 1 may be in the resulting set. So be aware that these set operations are different than list operations. Sets and lists are fundamentally different things. You can take the union of two sets using the | operator. This is the or operator, if an element is in one set or the other, its in the resulting set. So the result of [1,2,3] | [3,4,5] is [1,2,3,4,5] (remember that even though there are two threes, this is a set operation, not a list operation). The intersection of two sets is another way to combine two sets. Instead of an or operation, the intersection of two sets is an and operation. The elements of the resultant set are those in both sets. And, being an and operation, we use the operator. So the result of [1,2,3] [3,4,5] is simply [3]. Finally, another way to combine two sets is to take their difference. The difference of two sets is the set of all objects in the first set that is not in the second set. So [1,2,3] - [3,4,5] is [1,2]. Zipping Finally, there is zipping. Two arrays can be zipped together combining them in a rather unique way. Its best to just show it first, and explain after. The result of [1,2,3].zip([3,4,5]) is [ [1,3], [2,4], [3,5] ]. So what happened here? The two arrays were combined, the first element being a list of all elements in the first position of both arrays. Zipping is a bit of a strange operation and you may not find much use for it. Its purpose is to combine two arrays whose elements closely correlate.

Reaction paper Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 1

Reaction paper - Essay Example Upon reading Judea’s move against Germany, I find it strange because what has been impressed upon me is that Germany was always on the offensive side. Having watched documentaries about Holocaust, I find it particularly absurd to hear for the first time that Germany was being attacked ( symbolically) by the Jews. First, rich American Jews conspired to make Jews leave Germany so they can return to their promised land. At first, this move seems to be an outcome of a religious struggle that started way back biblical times. But as you read the article and some commentaries about the whole event, it was an insidious event that had political intentions. Even the Jews in Germany were not even bothered by the Germans which comes as a surprise. So what led Germany to the brink of despair that made it round up Jews? The answer would all be found on the transcripts of Freedman’s speech. Indeed, there was no other recourse but to read the second article to know the truth. If Judeaà ¢â‚¬â„¢s declaration of war was a surprise, Benjamin Freedman’s speech was really a revelation. I believe that all history subjects should require these two important documents to get the other side of the story. Numerous clarifications have been made as what role the Jews assumed during WWI and WWII.

Southwest Air lines Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 1

Southwest Air lines - Term Paper Example But unfortunately issue arises when management fails to achieve the best for their company. The perception to design an infrastructure usually depends upon the project managers who are responsible to implement that. The adverse circumstances arise when the company already lacks in building a strong network. Airline business just not only depends upon issuing tickets and running aero planes, it also depends upon the background affairs and other businesses in the company. It includes marketing, information technology, corporate affairs, logistics and flight services etc. The management has to look over all the areas and their task is to bring all on one page. Southwest Airlines is a company that has highlighted its passions for three factors, â€Å"performance, people and planet†. To accomplish the objective of the company, what needed is to make strategies which provide a roadmap to the company to follow a specific plan that results in setting performance goals, deliver valuable service to customers and to be successful in the market. However making strategies is not all, following the plan is more important. The airline has prospered in every domain but the most important area that overlooked and ignored is Human Resource Management. The ultimate goal of any company is to earn revenue from their business processes. These processes need alignment of company objectives with human resource to run them smoothly (R. Michael), but when company disregards human resource aspect while planning strategies for the company, they will ultimately suffer a business loss. Company’s objective is to add value to business. For doing this, they need to align Information technology with business strategies, improve processes and most importantly take care of critical asset i.e. Human Resource (OPM). This is covered when management does not only focus on business processes but also need to centre employee’s

Mass Communications Essay Example for Free

Mass Communications Essay Advertisers have only one mission to achieve and that is to attract attention of possible buyers so that this attention can translate into the actual buying of a product or service. With this objective in mind, advertisers depend very much on projecting their advertisements that adhere to motivations and stimulus of their target market. When advertisers know what things catches a woman’s attention, they are sure to be able to communicate their other messages afterwards. For example, for products and services that target the women market, advertisers approach advertising activities on things that will make women stop, look and listen. For young adults, it would be handsome men, beautiful clothes and anything that is consistent with prevailing fads. Motivations for older women would be handsome men, anything for their families’ well being, anything to preserve youth and beauty. Besides physical points that advertisers use to lure attention, there are other factors that help advertisers reach more audiences and that is to project interesting and convincing topics such as cause oriented, value driven campaigns. Some products such as Body Shop advertise their support for women entrepreneurs worldwide. Products stamped with ‘organically grown’, ‘baby-friendly’ or ‘smoke-free’ attract women who are health and family oriented. Some advertisements such as beauty products get prominent doctors to endorse their products and this adheres to the safety issues that their women market is privy of. Three ads that catch my appeal are Body Shop, Apple Macbook and Dove Soap. Least appealing to me are Guess Jeans, car ads with sexy girls sitting on the cars and the Marlboro ads. Looking into the list above, I realize that the advertisements I find appealing are the advertisements that insert social concern and value to women as part of the company’s corporate mission and vision. Body Shop products are similar to other beauty products but their advertisement of helping suppliers from third world countries strike a chord inside me. Dove Soap commercials promote women’s preservation of beauty that does not need surgery or alterations. For me, Dove Soap advertisements adhere to my own idea of ageless beauty. Stereotyping is often used in advertisements because it reaches more people who usually have the same notion of what men are, of what cars are and what women are. I believe that using women’s body or men’s body as a means to attract attention to a product or service is poor taste. It appeals to instincts and therefore borders the animalistic nature of the people that should not be turned on because it is almost like regressing to becoming an animal once again. A â€Å"bad ads† are advertisements that are tasteless. They do not respect any culture and would trample on the sensitivities of people’s lives and uniqueness just to get attention. These ads get attention no matter what. Advertisers of bad ads believe that bad or good publicity is still publicity. â€Å"Bad ads† do not have any effort to invest on social responsibility. It is unfortunate that ‘bad ads’ proliferate more than ‘good ads’ because they actually are the ones who catch more attention just by the mere fact that they are bad. Bad ads catch the attention of both informed and misinformed consumers therefore bad ads must be regulated and policed. The power of advertisers is tremendous in terms of communicating beliefs and ideas to the mass audience. As for my part, I have to remain vigilant against advertisements that might catch my attention but have hidden persuasions that will lead to losing the treasured values I have. Especially being a woman myself, my support to bad ads will only hurt my own disposition and respectability as a woman. If I would want to be treated right, I must support advertisements that respect the role of women rather than abuse it. References: Body Shop Commercial Atwan, Robert. 1979. Edsels, Luckies, and Frigidaires: advertising the American way. New York: Dell Publishing Co., Cohn, David L. 1940. The Good Old Days: a history of American morals and manners as seen through the Sears, Roebuck Catalogs 1905 to the present. New York: Simon and Schuster Evans, George Heberton, Jr. 1948. Business Incorporations in the United States, 1800-1943. New York: National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc.,

The electrolysis of copper sulphate solution and copper electrodes Essa

The electrolysis of copper sulphate solution and copper electrodes Introduction: For my GCSE Chemistry assessment I will be investigating the electrolysis of copper sulphate solution with the copper (ii) plates. Aim: My intention for this observation is to find out how the current has an effect on the mass of copper deposited in the electrolysis of copper sulphate and copper (ii) plates. Safety Precautions: In this investigation I will make sure that everything is as safe as possible and that there are no chances of accidents occurring. (1) I will wear safety glasses and a lab coat to avoid any danger. (2) I will tie my hair back, which will prevent any accidents from occurring. (3) I will keep the area around me clear to prevent any accidents from occurring. (4) Benches should be tucked under the table so that nobody trips over. (5) As copper sulphate indicates the symbol, which means toxic, I will be careful that it is kept away from my skin and I am not able to smell it. The reason for this is that it can cause death. (6) Copper sulphate will be placed in the tray at all times so that if it spills it will only spill in the tray. (7) I will not keep the power on more than 10 minutes, as keeping the power on for too long can change the resistance of the wire. (8) As the copper sulphate is dangerous I will wash my hands after each experiment. Apparatus: The apparatus that I require in this investigation is: (1) Measuring cylinder- This will be used to measure 150ml of the copper sulphate solution (2) Ammeter- This will be used to se how much current is flowing through the circuit (3) Stop watch- This will be used to time how long the practical will be on for. (4) Auto... ...lts: I know that this is a straight line graph and that the gradient is positive by looking at the graph. I can now interpret from this graph that this investigation matches the law of Michel Faraday, the first law that I mentioned in the scientific background knowledge is: The quantity of electricity passed is proportional to the amount of substance discharged at an electrode. This law infant matches my results that I have gained, I can now confidently say that the results that I obtained were accurate. As I increased the voltage and the current there was a larger mass in the cathode. Therefore this proves that my prediction which I made is correct: As the current increases the amount of copper deposited will also increase. In this electrolysis both the oxidation and reduction reactions have been used, the oxidation in the anode and the reduction in the cathode. The electrolysis of copper sulphate solution and copper electrodes Essa The electrolysis of copper sulphate solution and copper electrodes Introduction: For my GCSE Chemistry assessment I will be investigating the electrolysis of copper sulphate solution with the copper (ii) plates. Aim: My intention for this observation is to find out how the current has an effect on the mass of copper deposited in the electrolysis of copper sulphate and copper (ii) plates. Safety Precautions: In this investigation I will make sure that everything is as safe as possible and that there are no chances of accidents occurring. (1) I will wear safety glasses and a lab coat to avoid any danger. (2) I will tie my hair back, which will prevent any accidents from occurring. (3) I will keep the area around me clear to prevent any accidents from occurring. (4) Benches should be tucked under the table so that nobody trips over. (5) As copper sulphate indicates the symbol, which means toxic, I will be careful that it is kept away from my skin and I am not able to smell it. The reason for this is that it can cause death. (6) Copper sulphate will be placed in the tray at all times so that if it spills it will only spill in the tray. (7) I will not keep the power on more than 10 minutes, as keeping the power on for too long can change the resistance of the wire. (8) As the copper sulphate is dangerous I will wash my hands after each experiment. Apparatus: The apparatus that I require in this investigation is: (1) Measuring cylinder- This will be used to measure 150ml of the copper sulphate solution (2) Ammeter- This will be used to se how much current is flowing through the circuit (3) Stop watch- This will be used to time how long the practical will be on for. (4) Auto... ...lts: I know that this is a straight line graph and that the gradient is positive by looking at the graph. I can now interpret from this graph that this investigation matches the law of Michel Faraday, the first law that I mentioned in the scientific background knowledge is: The quantity of electricity passed is proportional to the amount of substance discharged at an electrode. This law infant matches my results that I have gained, I can now confidently say that the results that I obtained were accurate. As I increased the voltage and the current there was a larger mass in the cathode. Therefore this proves that my prediction which I made is correct: As the current increases the amount of copper deposited will also increase. In this electrolysis both the oxidation and reduction reactions have been used, the oxidation in the anode and the reduction in the cathode.

Mandatory Memo Essay

I am writing you this memo in compliance with the mandatory mediation requirements issued by the court. I would first like to state to you my stance in this case. I have been dealing with this particular vendor for about six months now. The business relationship started after my wife and I visited Mrs. Doe’s Sunday school class in Huntsville, Alabama. I was there in support of my wife and to explore the Christian religion, but in small talk Mrs. Doe informed me of her family’s grape vineyard and the value of a certain natural product they produced. My natural herb store was in need of some new products for my customers so I agreed to try Mrs. Doe’s product in my store. The muscatine products were a success so naturally I continued to place orders for the products by phone and paid the invoices as the money became available; at this point in the business relationship there was no written contracts signed between Mrs. Doe’s business and mine thus my understa nding is that our contract was of the implied variety, meaning that the action of my ordering and her supplying was the contract. After a few months I began hearing chatter about the popularity of muscadine grape products, and as a vendor I needed to get some legal documents locking down my business relationship Mrs. Doe’s vineyards before the price of the supply went too high. When I first started my company 2011, I remember reading a book about the laws of supply and demand. I remember reading that as the rise in demand grew the cost of the supply would grow as well. To refresh my memory I went back over that book and there it was in black and white â€Å"to make money within this cycle, get in early and get out early. That is, increase your supply as the demand starts to rise and cut your price as the demand starts to fall† (Ball K., Seidman. D 2011). Clearly our implied relationship was not going to be enough to keep me on top of this product increase, I knew whatever I was going to do I needed to do it fast. I had remembered that there as going to be a delivery coming from the vineyard that d ay so I typed up a quick contract that would set in place my current pricing and future deliveries as well. The contract was just a formality to  protect myself and my company, sure Mrs. Doe was a good Christian lady, but I was not convinced that Christianity and business had anything to do with one another. When Mrs. Doe’s son arrived with the delivery I asked the young man to sign the contract as, like I stated earlier, a formality for both companies. I had reviewed all aspects of the contract and did not perceive anything within the contract that was already out of our ordinary routine. I would call and place an order, Mrs. Doe would fill the order and deliver it to our establishment then within a month or so I would pay my invoice. Paying the invoice within 30-45 days gave me time to sell some of the product so that it virtually paid for itself. I was not aware of Mrs. Doe’s son’s age and since I was not expecting the business relationship to sour anytime soon, I did not think to ask if he was a legal adult. When I asked Mrs. Doe’s son to sign the contract he did not offer any information about his age either so in my defense what reason would I have to suspect otherwise. Once I learned of the Huffington Post’s article praising the value of muscadines I knew it was a matter of time before Mrs. Doe either opt to raise the price of her products, I never expected her to want to cancel our business transactions indefinite. I was sure by now that her some had disclosed the contract to his mother by now, it was pertaining to the family business and if he was competent enough to make the deliveries and assist his mother with the company then surely he was responsible enough to give her the contact that he had signed. When Mrs. Doe reveled to be that she was no longer going to supply me with the product I was surprised and angered, we had an agreement. Once Mrs. Doe informed me that she had no knowledge of the contract I immediately faxed the contract to her and then began researching my next legal steps. During my research of contract law I discovered a publication that highlighted all the legal aspects of binding legal contracts. There are several reasons that I judge may rule a contract unenforceable, one of which relates to nondisclosure due to lack of capacity, this immediately required more study. According to the publication â€Å"It’s expected that both (or all) parties to a contract have the ability to understand exactly what it is they are agreeing to. If it appears that one side did not have this reasoning capacity, the contract may be held unenforceable against that person. The issue of capacity to contract usually comes up when one side of the agreement is too young or does not have the  mental wherewithal to completely understand the agreement and its implications† (Stim 2000). I knew that Mrs. Doe would try to use her son’s age as a reason not to honor the contract. I personally believe that if Mrs. Doe actually had no knowledge of the contract it was due to her son’s deception thus proving he had full capacity when he signed the contract. I cannot contest to how thi s legal matter will change my thought process about Christianity. I do not see that Mrs. Doe’s attempt to dishonor our contract as an immoral act. When Mrs. Doe first contacted me I was angry and started to see her breach of contract as a flaw in her moral compass but then I read a passage in another publication I had researched. The aurthor stated that â€Å"a tension exists between the felt sense that wrong has been done when contracts are broken and the actual operation of the law† (Porat, A., & Ben-Shahar, O. 2010). I believe that I have to separate this lack of good judgment in Mrs. Doe’s case from my evaluation of God and Christianity, in doing so I must also take full advantage of my legal rights as a business owner. In order for my business not to suffer from this attempt to breach the contract either Mrs. Doe must honor the contract until the end or she must pay me for the damages that would be associated with the vineyard canceling our agreement, anything less would be unacceptable and a I will continue forward with my lawsuit. Ball, Madeline K.; Seidman, David. (2011). Dollars and Sense: Supply and Demand. Rosen Central. Retrieved 8 February 2015, from Porat, A., & Ben-Shahar, O. (2010). Fault in American Contract Law. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. Stim, R. (2011). Contracts: The essential business desk reference. Berkeley, CA: Nolo.

The Great Gatsby By F. Scott Fitzgerald - 1684 Words

An inability to be at peace with oneself is a defining connection between the central characters of The Great Gatsby, a timeless classic written by F. Scott Fitzgerald, set in a hedonistic summer of 1922 America, and Death of a Salesman, written by American playwright Arthur Miller set in 1949 America. The characterisation of both Willy and Gatsby illustrate that they have similarities, in a way that are considered destitute, with imperfect ethical conduct. To a certain extent both protagonists have the right intentions; Gatsby wants to grasp at his quest for love, and Willy is fixated on the idea of accumulating wealth to provide a rich lifestyle for his family, however even if they have the right intentions at heart, they ensue them in the wrong way. They base their lives around a substantial objective, and do not stop to realise that their actions cause detriment to their relationships with others, and detriment to themselves, as they continue to delude their minds with the wrong ideals and morals. In addition both protagonists are considered to be morally flawed, however it is difficult to label Willy Loman and Jay Gatsby as so. They are not truly immoral, instead purely motivated by the wrong values. Such values consist of a veracious obsession with the American Dream, their misguided, delusional outlook on life, and the futile pursuit of materialism, which as a result, costs both Willy and Gatsby idyllic relationships. Arthur Miller and F. Scott Fitzgerald emphasiseShow MoreRelatedThe Great Gatsby by F. Scott Fitzgerald1393 Words   |  6 PagesF. Scott Fitzgerald was the model of the American image in the nineteen twenties. He had wealth, fame, a beautiful wife, and an adorable daughter; all seemed perfect. Beneath the gilded faà §ade, however, was an author who struggled with domestic and physical difficulties that plagued his personal life and career throughout its short span. This author helped to launch the theme that is so prevalent in his work; t he human instinct to yearn for more, into the forefront of American literature, where itRead MoreThe Great Gatsby By F. Scott Fitzgerald1343 Words   |  6 PagesHonors English 10 Shugart 18 Decemeber 2014 The Great Gatsby F. Scott Fitzgerald s 1925 novel The Great Gatsby is a tragic love story, a mystery, and a social commentary on American life. The Great Gatsby is about the lives of four wealthy characters observed by the narrator, Nick Carroway. Throughout the novel a mysterious man named Jay Gatsby throws immaculate parties every Saturday night in hope to impress his lost lover, Daisy Buchanan. Gatsby lives in a mansion on West Egg across from DaisyRead MoreThe Great Gatsby By F. Scott Fitzgerald1155 Words   |  5 PagesThe Great Gatsby The Jazz Age was an era where everything and anything seemed possible. It started with the beginning of a new age with America coming out of World War I as the most powerful nation in the world (Novel reflections on, 2007). As a result, the nation soon faced a culture-shock of material prosperity during the 1920’s. Also known as the â€Å"roaring twenties†, it was a time where life consisted of prodigality and extravagant parties. Writing based on his personal experiences, author F. ScottRead MoreThe Great Gatsby By F. Scott Fitzgerald1166 Words   |  5 Pagesin the Haze F. Scott Fitzgerald lived in a time that was characterized by an unbelievable lack of substance. After the tragedy and horrors of WWI, people were focused on anything that they could that would distract from the emptiness that had swallowed them. Tangible greed tied with extreme materialism left many, by the end of this time period, disenchanted. The usage of the literary theories of both Biographical and Historical lenses provide a unique interpretation of the Great Gatsby centered aroundRead MoreThe Great Gatsby by F. Scott Fitzgerald845 Words   |  3 PagesIn F. Scott Fitzgerald’s novel, The Great Gatsby, colors represent a variety of symbols that relate back to the American Dream. The dream of being pure, innocent and perfect is frequently associated with the reality of corruption, violence, and affairs. Gatsby’s desire for achieving the American Dream is sought for through corruption (Schneider). The American Dream in the 1920s was perceived as a desire of w ealth and social standings. Social class is represented through the East Egg, the WestRead MoreThe Great Gatsby By F. Scott Fitzgerald Essay970 Words   |  4 Pagesrespecting and valuing Fitzgerald work in the twenty-first century? Fitzgerald had a hard time to profiting from his writing, but he was not successful after his first novel. There are three major point of this essay are: the background history of Fitzgerald life, the comparisons between Fitzgerald and the Gatsby from his number one book in America The Great Gatsby, and the Fitzgerald got influences of behind the writing and being a writer. From childhood to adulthood, Fitzgerald faced many good andRead MoreThe Great Gatsby By F. Scott Fitzgerald2099 Words   |  9 Pagesauthor to mirror his life in his book. In his previous novels F. Scott Fitzgerald drew from his life experiences. He said that his next novel, The Great Gatsby, would be different. He said, â€Å"In my new novel I’m thrown directly on purely creative work† (F. Scott Fitzgerald). He did not realize or did not want it to appear that he was taking his own story and intertwining it within his new novel. In The Great Gatsby, by F. Scott Fitzgerald, he imitates his lifestyle through the Buchanan family to demonstrateRead MoreThe Great Gatsby By F. Scott Fitzgerald1607 Words   |  7 Pages The Great Gatsby is an American novel written in 1925 by F. Scott Fitzgerald. One of the themes of the book is the American Dream. The American Dream is an idea in which Americans believe through hard work they can achieve success and prosperity in the free world. In F. Scott Fitzgerald s novel, The Great Gatsby, the American Dream leads to popularity, extreme jealousy and false happiness. Jay Gatsby’s recent fortune and wealthiness helped him earn a high social position and become one of the mostRead MoreThe Great Gatsby By F. Scott Fitzgerald1592 Words   |  7 PagesMcGowan English 11A, Period 4 9 January 2014 The Great Gatsby Individuals who approach life with an optimistic mindset generally have their goals established as their main priority. Driven by ambition, they are determined to fulfill their desires; without reluctance. These strong-minded individuals refuse to be influenced by negative reinforcements, and rely on hope in order to achieve their dreams. As a man of persistence, the wealthy Jay Gatsby continuously strives to reclaim the love of hisRead MoreThe Great Gatsby By F. Scott Fitzgerald1646 Words   |  7 PagesThe 1920s witnessed the death of the American Dream, a message immortalized in F. Scott Fitzgerald’s The Great Gatsby. Initially, the American Dream represented the outcome of American ideals, that everyone has the freedom and opportunity to achieve their dreams provided they perform honest hard work. During the 1920s, the United States experienced massive economic prosperity making the American Dream seem alive and strong. However, in Fitzgerald’s eyes, the new Am erican culture build around that

Essay on Family and World War - 1101 Words

The novel Fireshadow by Anthony Eaton is set in the contexts of past and present. The past is set during World War II at a prison camp in the West Australian bush where you follow a German soldier who is imprisoned in the camp. The present day is set in the present Australian bush where it follows a boy who’s ran away from home. Fireshadow is constructed to focus on how the issues from the past differ to now. The main issues that differ in society from past and present are the racial conflict, being pregnant without a husband and family. The way the author constructed racial conflict in the book was point of view because through point of view because you witness how people felt about being discriminated against, racial conflict was huge†¦show more content†¦When Alice came back from the prison camp she was pregnant so society excluded her which shows how people judge someone for their actions and not for who they really are. When Alice went around town she got weird looks from people, which made her feel lonely, depressed and unwanted and it was made worse for Alice because these people used to be her friends. Society reflected Alice as being promiscuous even though she was pregnant to the person she loved. In the present people don’t care if you’re pregnant without a husband because it might be the person’s personal choice. In the past everyone knew everyone so the gossip would travel fast that’s a reason why it was talked about more because everyone knew each other’s stor y. Another reason why being pregnant without a husband back than was so bad because they had higher standards of people back than. Whereas now people are more relaxed so there are fewer standards and now because there’s a higher population it’s much harder to know everyone so no one knows everyone’s story. The way the author constructed the issue of families was characterization so you get the idea of each member of the family so that helps show the difference between the stereotypical families in the past and the present. Families in the past were different to the one’s in the present because the father was the most dominate because they were the ones that earn the money and they were the ones who were portrayed as being brave. The mother wasShow MoreRelatedFamilies during World War II569 Words   |  2 Pages Families During World War II The entry of the United States into the Second World War dramatically altered the traditional role of the family in American society. First and foremost, the economic conditions, which were dramatically improving because of the war, became suitable for a large number of couples to get married. But the war also changed the interaction between members of the family and traditional parental roles. Housing shortages led to discrimination against some families, juvenileRead MoreFamily Implications Of The World War I And II, Korea, And Vietnam863 Words   |  4 PagesFamily Implications As we look at the over, arching aspect of family implications, the most common aspect associated to this is the number of service member deaths. By the numbers alone, those killed in conjunction to the operations of the past 14 years do not hold a candle to the sheer numbers of World Wars I and II, Korea, or Vietnam. We must look past these numbers and look at all injuries, which will then significantly increase the casualty numbers. Many of the millions of wounded warriorsRead MoreHow did the Second World War Affect Family Life in Britain Between 19391958 Words   |  8 Pages How did the Second World War Affect Family Life in Britain Between 1939-45? The Blitz comes from a German word meaning lightning. It was the sustained strategic bombing of the United Kingdom by Germany during the Second World War. Between 7 September 1940 and 21 May 1941 there were major raids (attacks in which more than 100 tons of high explosives were dropped) on 16 British cities. Over a period of 267 days (almost 37 weeks), London was attacked 71 times, Birmingham, Liverpool and Plymouth eightRead MoreThe Battle Of The World War II974 Words   |  4 Pages Is it really worth letting your family suffer, while you fight for your country’s freedom? The love for family appears, in most cases, to be less important than victory against another country. In hope for fighting hard for their country, the soldiers have forgotten all the fears that their family faces. According to the Untold Stories of Loss: Mourning the ‘Enemy’ in Second World War, the families would experience â€Å"a constant dread of receiving a telegram announcing the injury, missing statusRead MoreLife At Home During World War I1443 Words   |  6 Pagesduring World War I and World War II Introduction During World War I and World War II life back home changed excessively. Families were experiencing drastic changes as the absence of men affected not only families but the economy as well. When the soldiers went to fight in World War 1 and World War 2, women and children had to replace men in the workforce. There was an increase in those affected by the trauma of the wars, and the birth-rate had dropped during this time. 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Following World War II and the Suez crisis in 1956, The British Empires status as a superpower was greatly diminished. For the remainder of the Cold War the United States and the Soviet Union came to beRead MoreA Life Of Her Own998 Words   |  4 Pages World War I changed the landscape of Europe, particularly France, like no war had ever before. The memoir, A Life of Her Own, depicts the experiences of Emilie Carles, a politically active French women. The memoir depicts the country’s history throughout, not only World War I, but most of the 20th century. Carles brother, Joseph, was caught in a German Prisoner of War camp for a good portion of the war. While there, he would write to the Carles and documented the horrors of war. The article A RepublicRead MoreA Time For Change . William G. Pollard, A Physicists, Had1509 Words   |  7 Pagesuntil he acquired the technology necessary to make weapons. During this period, man hunted and gathered food as they walked through the vast earth. This was until the discovery of agriculture and farming allowed many to stay in one spot and raise a family. We have witnessed changes due to the spread of religion, and great periods of change brought forward by the industrial and technolog ical revolutions. It is important to understand that unlike all of the periods mentioned above, the greatest periodRead MoreThe Fifties Essay782 Words   |  4 PagesCold War and social conformity. It is hard to generalize the lives of millions of Americans, but the values of Americans in the fifties were shaped by two major events: the Great Depression and World War II. After a period of war and poverty conforming to a suburban way of life was a dream come true for Americans. The 1950s almost inevitably invoke an image of the so called traditional nuclear family portrayed in famous TV shows like Happy Days. In this golden age of the family, happily

Essay Things Fall Apart and its Representation Chinua...

The novel Things Fall Apart, displays Okonkwo, a local leader in the village of Nigeria. It describes how his family, comrades and the society and culture of lgbo inherit under the influence of British Colonialism and Christian missionaries during the late nineteen century. The protagonist Okonkwo is portrayed as a masculine and irritable solider who tries to prevent his villages from the invasion of Christianity, but eventually fails. He is a tragic hero who represents a culture that has been replaced by Christianity. On the other hand, Mr. Brown is a representation of Western culture that at first is a missionary but turns in to a colonizer. In the text, Okonkwo’s flaw characteristics result his own destruction, as the culture he†¦show more content†¦When the western missionaries land the town with bicycles, villagers refer the bicycles as â€Å"iron horse†. It is a reflection of community’s ignorance and uncivilized. What makes it even worse is that Umuofia people’s unwillingness to adapt from other culture. In chapter 16, missionary tries to explain the concept of Christianity, that the new god is a creator of all the world and all the men and women. (Achebe 102), people questions their belief and especially burst into laugh. â€Å"When this was interpreted to the men of Mbanta they broke into derisive laughter. These men must be mad, they said to themselves. How else could they say that Ani and Amadior were harmless? And Idemili and Ogwugwu too?† (Achebe 103) They despise other culture, refuses to learn from other’s strong point to offset their weakness. Also, villagers from Umuofia try to banish those missionaries by arranging those missionaries to resident in the evil forest where they believe â€Å"An evil forest was, therefore, alive with sinister forces and powers of darkness.† (Achebe 105) As the title â€Å"Things fall apart† suggests, whole story is about how society collapses and disintegrates. Apart these imperfections in Igbo’s culture may partly result destruction, the interferences and assistances from western society also lead Umuofia to a colonized land. In Things Fall Apart, one of the main theme is the disintegration of African society. When those missionaries arrive,Show MoreRelatedThings Falll Apart by Chinua Achebe1082 Words   |  4 PagesThings Fall Apart by Chinua Achebe is a story that portrays the tensions between the white Colonial Government and native-born people of Umuofia. Okonkwo, the main character, and a great village man is highly respected in the Igbo tribe of Umuofia. Although, Okonkwo is highly respected by the Igbo people, they are fearful of him because of his violent anger. When the Europeans arrived in Umuofia, they brought with them a new religion: Christianity. The Westerners changed Umuofia, destroyed traditionRead MoreImperialism In The 19Th Century Resulted In European Countries1726 Words   |  7 Pagescountrie s.When Chinua Achebe published Things fall apart in 1958, a novel criticizing the European aspects of imperialism, his aspiration was to teach readers that â€Å"their past-with all its imperfections-was not one long night of savagery from which the first Europeans acting on God’s behalf delivered them†(Chinua Achebe on the Role of the African Writer, 1964). Chinua Achebe helped change the western perception of African culture by using the characters and story of Things Fall Apart to give readersRead MoreChinua Achebe : The Invention And Mastery Of Modern African Literature1695 Words   |  7 Pages In her essay Chinua Achebe: The Invention and Mastery of Modern African Literature Emeka Aniagolu labels Chinua Achebe as â€Å"the single most important literary figure in modern African literature† (1). Aniagolu goes on to praise Achebe as â€Å"perhaps the most well-known, most widely read, most translated, and most widely respected modern African writer, noveli st and polemical essayist†, especially considering he as been crowned as the inventor of modern African literature (1). The praise he has receivedRead MoreChinua Achebe : The Invention And Mastery Of Modern African Literature1595 Words   |  7 PagesColleen ODonnell ENG 290 Professor Mann 7 December 2015 TITLE In her essay Chinua Achebe: The Invention and Mastery of Modern African Literature Emeka Aniagolu labels Chinua Achebe as â€Å"the single most important literary figure in modern African literature† (1). Aniagolu goes on to praise Achebe as â€Å"perhaps the most well-known, most widely read, most translated, and most widely respected modern African writer, novelist and polemical essayist†, especially considering he as been crowned as the inventorRead MoreThings Fall Apart By Chinua Achebe Essay1203 Words   |  5 Pages who took their land for monetary gain. This was a dark period of time for Africans that live there. The U.S. Civil War and The Great Depression both can be related, in this instance, to how down their people were because of what happened. Chinua Achebe said it best, â€Å"I would be quite satisfied if my novels...did no more than teach my readers of their past...was not a long night of savagery from which the first European acting on God’s behalf delivered them†(qtd. in â€Å"Morning Yet† 45). In theRead MoreChinua Achebe s Things Fall Apart1325 Words   |  6 Pages Things Fall Apart by Chinua Achebe Thing Fall Apart, first published in 1958, is Chinua Achebe’s first and most acclaimed novel. Achebe illustrates an approving rendering of Nigerian and African tribal life prior to and subsequent to colonialism. Achebe presents various aspects of a native African community, including war, women mistreatment, violence and conflict, while maintaining a balance in social coherence, customs and tradition. Achebe portrays a clash of culturesRead MoreAnalysis of Chinua Achebes Things Fall Apart1579 Words   |  6 PagesChinua Achebes 1958 novel Things Fall Apart marked a significant turning point not only for literature, but the world, because the novel is an attempt to blend the conflicting identities and ideologies of Africa in the wake of colonization. The novel depicts the destructive tension that arises between the traditions of the Igbo people and white colonizers, but, perhaps contrary to the readers expectation, it does not present either side as holding the ethical high gr ound. Rather, the novel suggestsRead More People Fall Apart in Things Fall Apart by Chinua Achebe Essay1668 Words   |  7 PagesPeople Fall Apart in Things Fall Apart by Chinua Achebe   Ã‚   Karl Marx believed that all of history could be reduced to two tiny words: class struggle. In any period of time a dominant class exploits a weaker class. Marx defines a dominant class as one who owns or controls the means of production. The weaker class consists of those who dont. In Marxs day, the age of Almighty Industry, the means of production were factories. But as a literary theory Marxism needs no factories to act as meansRead MoreChinua Achebe s Things Fall Apart Essay1519 Words   |  7 PagesChinua Achebe’s novel, Things Fall Apart, explores the complicated journey of the protagonist Okonkwo, an influential clan leader within the Nigerian village of Umuofia, and the struggles he encounters as a result of white colonist infiltration. Prior to the arrival of the colonist forces, Okonkwo is an individual that prides himself on his masculinity and success; living in direct contrast to his father Unoka, a rather lazy and cowardice man, as a result of a sense of shame he endures from his father’sRead MoreChinua Achebe s Things Fall Apart1033 Words   |  5 PagesIntroduction Chinua Achebe is a famous Nigerian novelist in worldwide. Things fall apart is Chinua Achebe’s first novel published in 1958, the year after Ghana became the first African nation to gain independence. And this novel is one of the first African novels to gain worldwide recognition. (Phil Mongredien, 2010) This novel presents people a story of an African Igbo tribal hero, Okonkwo, from his growth to death. The fate of Okonkwo also indicates the fate of Africa caused by the colonization

Zoroastrian Mythology Free Essays

string(58) " the person has done righteous deeds, and goes to heaven\." Myth Zoroastrianism was founded by Zarathustra (also known as Zoroaster) between 8000 and 2500 years ago. He lived in northeast Persian (Iran) near the border of Afghanistan and Turkmenistan and was born on the banks of the Daraja River. He is considered by some to be the world’s First Prophet and is credited with the invention of the concept. We will write a custom essay sample on Zoroastrian Mythology or any similar topic only for you Order Now Zarathustra faced few difficulties when it came to gaining adherents to his new religion, and quickly amassed a great number of them in the early days. Zarathusa composed the Zoroastrian holy hymns called the Gathas, seventeen of which remain today. However, scholars believe that many more were written by him that were lost in the ages. The holy book of Zoroastrianism is the Avesta. When people refer to the Zend Avesta, they mean the Avesta plus the later commentary added during the Sassanian Dynasty of Persia (226 BCE to 651 CE). The Gathas of the Avesta were said to have been divinely inspired, and Zarathustra received a total of seven visions from the Amesha Spentas (â€Å"Beneficent Immortals,† or sometimes rendered as ArchAngels). Ahura Mazda is the supreme god of Zoroastrianism. The god of Goodness and Light, he is mainly symbolised with fire. There exists conflict between him and Angra Maiyu (Ahriman), who is the arch-nemesis â€Å"The Lie†. Zoroastrians believe that every human is born with a Fravahi, a Guardian Spirit, which helps a person distinguish Right from Wrong. However, since humans have Free Will, they have a choice. This means that actively choosing Right is entirely up to each person themselves. Although operating in the same domain, the Fravashi are distinguished as being different from conscience. They both exist in a psychic region that is mysterious and profound, because although the Right and Wrong are learned from the teachings of this religion, big moral decisions such as murder and theft are condemned by religions of all backgrounds and thus are different. Originally, Ahura Mazda created only a spiritual world, Menog. However, the Fravashis pleaded that Ahura Mazda give the world physicality so that they would become capable of action. Although Ahura Mazda warned them that through the creation of a material world, Evil and Death would enter into Creation, he later relented and altered Menog so that it became Getig, the physical world we live in. The Amesha Spentas, or Beneficent Immortals, were originally envisioned by Zarathustra as attributes of the supreme god Ahura Mazda, but over time Zoroastrians began imagining these ideas in bodily forms. For example, Kshathra Vairya, the spirit of Strength and Dominion, can also be interpreted as the positive trait of natural leadership able to be inwardly cultivated by humans. Other attributes-turned-deities include: Conscience, Victory, Wind, Rain, as well as a few local geographical features, like mountains or rivers. The Haoma, a plant sacred to Zoroastrians, is also personified as a deity. Zoroastrianism incorporated older religions into its belief system. Mithra, an ancient pagan god from the pre-Zarathustra days, became known as the deity of Heavenly Light. The concept of Good and Evil is debated in the religion. Some say it existed before the beginning of the material world, while others say that it is absent from the rest of Creation, and exists only in the human heart. The Renewal Of The World is the correct Zoroastrian term for The End Of The World. They believe that at that time, the dead will rise and the wicked shall be purified and all will live in peace and harmony. Before that blessed event can occur, there is to be an end to the battle of Good versus Evil. The Good Forces will be led by three Saviors known as the Sashoyant. During or after battle, the world will be destroyed by fire, and according to Zoroastrian scholars (Sherpa), â€Å"molten metal will cover the Earth like water. The Righteous will wade through, but the unrighteous will be consumed by it.† Originally, the Saoshyant was a term that applied only to the followers of Zarathustra who thought this event was at hand; later, the term Saoshyant switched over to the messianic interpretation it has today. In Zoroastrianism, each person possesses an eternal, individual Soul. Everything they think, say and do over the course of their lifetime comprises their soul. At dawn the third day after death, the Soul will meet the three judges: Mithra, Sraosha, and Rashnu. The Soul will then pass to the Chinvat Bridge, where it will meet its Daena (personal guide), which represents their conscience. If the person is deemed to have been good, the Deana will be beautiful with sweet breezes caressing the Soul as it crosses the Chinvat, which will remain broad and easy for them to cross. However, if the person is deemed evil, the Deana will be a grotesque, foul-smelling hag and passage over the Chinvat Bridge will be impossible due to its narrowing, causing the unfaithful to fall and plummet into Hell, which is below the Bridge. Doctrine Zoroastrianism is a highly ethical religion because of the struggle to choose between good and evil, Ahura Mazda or Angra Mainyu. Zoroastrians are taught that humans are free to choose between Right and Wrong, Truth and Lie, Light and Dark, etc., and that the choices they make would ultimately affect their destiny and their eternal afterlife. In the battle between Ahura Mazda and Angra Mainyu, which has raged for over 12 000 years, Ahura Mazda is said to always have had the upper hand. Belief in the afterlife is taught, and it is determined by the balance of Good and Evil deeds, words, and thoughts. If Good outweighs the Evil, the afterlife achieved is heaven. If the Evil outweighs the Good, then that soul is sent to hell. Hell has different levels dependent on the severity of the person’s actions. When the person dies, the soul goes on a journey on the Chinvat Bridge, along with the guardian spirit. The bridge will widen if the person has done righteous deeds, and goes to heaven. You read "Zoroastrian Mythology" in category "Papers" If it narrows, then the person committed evil deeds, and they fall down into Hell below. They also believe in angels/demons, resurrection of the body, and a messiah figure. The Zoroastrian creed is â€Å"Good Words, Good Thoughts, and Good Deeds.† They recite this creed while tying their kutsi around the sudreh three times, one for each statement. This ritual is practised several times a day with prayer. Ritual The sacrality of fire is one of the most noticeable features of Zoroastrianism. Mnay of their tmples have fires that have been burning continuously for hundreds of years. These consecrated fires often contain fires from as many as sixteen different sources. Of the sources, one has to be lightning, which is seen as fire sent directly from the supreme deity, Ahura Mazda, god of Goodness and Light. Similar to Muslims, Zoroastrians divide their day into five periods; at the end of each period a Zoroastrian will pause to recite the appropriate prayer from their holy book, the Avesta. Divining the future is a Zoroastrian practice that is ritually performed by a early priests who would imbibe the juices of the sacred Haoma plant mixed with milk to obtain visions. In the Avesta, the priestly codes, the prayers, and the teachings of Zoroastrianism (the story of how the early Iranians, an Aryan people, came down out of Southern Russia in search of grazing lands and settled the Iranian plateau) are found. Also listed in the Avesta are â€Å"the 72 Names Of Ahura Mazda† which include: The Sustainer, The Maintainer, The Creator, and The Nourisher. These are ritually memorised and committed to memory by many of the adherents. Traditionally, Zoroastrians follow a holy calender. However, as the few remaining practitioners have become dispersed (most now live in India as the Parsis), there exists three Zoroastrian calenders. This means that their Holy Days fall on different days of the year dependant on which calender is used. There are seven main festivals, with the most important being Navruz, the celebration of fire and Truth. The other six festivals are the Gahambars, which are linked to the agricultural cycle. There is also a movable ceremony, Jashan, that can be used any time of the year to commemorate weddings, house-warmings, or other times of gratitude and happiness. In the past, some ceremonies of Zoroastrianism called for imbibing bull’s urine. Currently, pomegranate juice is substituted. In Zoroastrianism, where there is belief in free will, the Navjote ceremony is held when a child becomes old enough to begin taking responsibility for their own actions. The age for this varies by region, and is held when the child is between the ages of seven and fifteen, dependant on region. All Zoroastrians are required to wear a ceremonial thread around their body, the Kusti, at all times. Special knots on the thread are tied and untied during certain prayers. The Dakhma, or the Tower Of Silence, is one important aspect of traditional Zoroastrianism. This is a building constructed without a roof to which the dead are taken to be devoured by vultures. Since early Zoroastrians viewed death as the most unclean thing imaginable, they abhorred the idea of burying bodies, and because fire was considered holy, they refused cremation as well. Hence, the Dakhma was created. Inside a Dakhma, males corpses are separated from female ones, and bodies of children from those of adults. Another aspect of the death ritual in traditional Zoroastrianism is that a dog is brought to the dead body to look upon the face of the corpse. This is done to verify death and also to drive away evil spirits. Ethics The Zoroastrian religion lays tremendous emphasis on morals and ethics. A Zoroastrian is expected to make a conscious effort every moment of his or her life, to reject all forms of evil and the lie – in thought, word and deed and endeavour at all times to walk on the path of Asha (truth and righteousness). Asha is the Law Immutable, the Law Eternal, the Cosmic Law of Order and Harmony on which the entire Universe is based. It is through Asha that Ahura Mazda created the universe and it is through Asha that mankind will attain perfection and be one with Ahura Mazda. In the Hoshbam prayer we aspire, â€Å"Through the best Asha, through the highest Asha, may we catch sight of Thee (Ahura Mazda), may we approach Thee, pay we be in perfect union with Thee†. It is only by walking on the path of Asha that man can attain union with his maker. The colophon to the Yasna is quite explicit on this point, â€Å"There is but one path, that of Asha, all other paths are false paths†. According to Zoroastrianism, it is the sum total of a man’s thoughts, words and deeds which will determine the fate of his soul in the other world – it is these thoughts, words and deeds, good or bad, which will lead his soul either to he gates of heaven or to the pathway of hell. The Zoroastrian scriptures enumerate a number of virtues, which a Zoroastrian should aspire and endeavour to cultivate and imbibe, and a number of vices from which he should guard himself and struggle to keep away. Some of the virtues (not necessarily in the order of importance) are as follows: Unflinching faith, devotion and love for Ahura Mazda and His prophet, Zarathushtra; Offering the Faraziyat (obligatory) prayers and thanking Ahura Mazda, the Amesha Spentas and Yazatas for Their Grace and Bounty; Observing and upholding all the tenets and traditions of the religion and community, Speaking the Truth always. According to Herodotus, the Persians laid great stress on speaking the truth, riding a horse and archery and this formed the basic education for all Persian children. According to Yasna 31.19 â€Å"A truth-speaker receives honour and is a master without fear†, while according to the Sarosh Yasht Hadokht, â€Å"By speaking true words we receive many victories; Moderation in matters of food, drink and other worldly pleasures. Neither fasting nor gluttony and neither celibacy nor lechery is desirable; Charity and love for all human beings. Zoroastrianism does not look down upon acquisition of wealth. In fact, wealth is seen to be fundamentally positive, provided it is put to judicious use and used for the well being of others. According to Yasna 43.1 â€Å"He is a good man through whom goodness reaches other persons in all places. God gives such persons greatness; Industry and honest toil. According to Yasna 46.12 â€Å"those who make the world prosperous through good thoughts and honest endeavours are those who live a virtuous life in good thoughts. The Visperad (7.1) also praises, â€Å"industry and courage.† Conversely according to the Visperad (18.2), â€Å"a man who is idle is worthy of hell†; Keep a promise at all cost. In fact Yasna 61.3 strongly advises, â€Å"keep away from a covenant breaker and from one who tampers,† Aspire for higher knowledge and acquire wisdom under a proficient teacher; Respect ones elders and superiors. â€Å"He who does not show respect to an elder will never receive honour† (Yasna 29.6); Honesty and integrity in ones dealings in this world; Forgiveness, mercy and tolerance- According to the Denkard, a good Zoroastrian must strive to make enemies his friends; purify the sinful and make the ignorant well-informed; Sincerely atone for ones sins (committed knowingly or unknowingly) by doing patet. And now for the vices from which a Zoroastrian should guard himself and struggle to keep away: Anger and jealousy- According to the Yasna 49.4 â€Å"Those who promote wrath and jealousy are of evil intellect;† Greed and idleness- Yasna 16.8 warns â€Å"Keep away from the greed of a wicked man†, Arrogance-Little knowledge, power and wealth could makes a man arrogant. Arrogance leads to other vices and the road of ruin. The Ardibehest Yasht warns us to â€Å"keep away from these who have arrogant thoughts†; Sloth – In the Atash Niyayesh 5.11, we pray â€Å"I sleep for the third part of a whole day (i.e. eight hours). May God give me no more sleep so that I can wake up on time.†; Foul language – The Denkard consider use of foul or abusive language as a sin equal to telling lies; Petty and unwarranted quarrels, arguments and violence; Bad company and literature; Malice and vengefulness; Zoroastrians believe that everyone is equal: â€Å"Men and women, rich and poor, and young and old are all seen as equal† (BBC). Abortion- They believe that a soul has been formed when a women is four months and ten days pregnant and believe that abortion is murder. Reincarnation- it is not believed in Zoroastrianism and is foreign/unknown to them. Homosexuality- There is a line in the Vendidad that states that homosexuality is sinful/devil worshipping: â€Å"The man that lies with mankind as man lies with womankind, or as woman lies with mankind, is the man that is a Daeva [demon]; this one is the man that is a worshipper of the Daevas, that is a male paramour of the Daevas.† This means that they would be against it. FUN FACT– they have major beliefs in the Humata Hukhta Hvarshta, which is â€Å"good thoughts, good words, good deeds.† Could not find any reliable sources that talked about alcohol/drug use or suicide and capital abuse and the Zoroastrian view. Personal experience Material Culture The main symbol in Zoroastrianism is the sacred fire. It must burn continually at the fire temple, and needs to be fed at least 5 times a day, along with the 5 prayers a day. Zoroastrians believe that fire purifies and also represents the presence of Ahura Mazda. The Faravahar is the most common symbol in the Zoroastrianism. It reminds the adherents of their purpose in life and to live in the ways of Ahura Mazda. (insert a pic of the faravahar) The imagery of a disc with wings likely originated as a sun with wings. Later, a human torso was added to the symbol. The archer in a feathered robe represents Ashur, an Assryian god. Over time the image became a symbol of the Zoroastrian religion. Presently, the symbol is often used to depict a guardian angel, who would guide dead souls into the afterlife. Social Organisation The Zoroastrian community is divided into two groups: the hereditary priests and the laity. The influential families are those that have members strategically distributed throughout the most important sectors of society, each prepared to support the other in order to ensure family prestige and status. Politically, there is no supreme head of the Zoroastrians in Iran, which had Zoroastrianism as a state religion in the past. In each city, there is a Zoroastrian association known as the â€Å"Anjoman Zardoshtian.† Its governing members are elected by the community. Today the anjoman in Tehran, owing to its location, has developed a position of leadership; however, local affairs are handled by the local anjoman. In addition to these associations, each city has a youth club, which is mainly involved with sports and cultural activities. In Tehran, a Zoroastrian Women’s Association has also been established. Government officials do recognize minority groups such as the Jews, Christians, and Zoroastrians. They are permitted to sustain organizations, elect a representative to the Majlis (lower house of Parliament), maintain religious schools, and publish periodicals; however, they are restricted in political activities. Non-Muslims cannot reach command positions in the armed forces and cannot achieve policy-making positions in government. The Zoroastrian community was formerly organized through priest rotation; now it is through appointments and by the influence of the anjoman structure. Formerly there was a katkhoda, a local political leader, and, at the highest level, the kalantar (magistrate) of the entire Zoroastrian community. Social Control. Of concern to the Zoroastrian community are the ritual calendar, the upkeep of the priesthood, and conversion. There is also a conflict between the younger generation and the older one, which is more orthodox. The community is in transition, and the population is attempting to become Westernized. Conflict. Boundaries have always been maintained between the various religious groups such as the Muslims, Jews, Christians, Zoroastrians, and Baha’is, especially under the Islamic government. One of the ways to alleviate intercommunal tension is to allow non-Zoroastrians to enter the fire temples. Muslims have been seen participating in the funerals of Zoroastrian friends. In the past, because of strict Zoroastrian observance of the laws of purity, this was not permitted. Until 1885, the Zoroastrians were subject to various forms of persecution. They were not allowed to wear rings, and their girdles were made of rough canvas. Until 1895, they were not permitted to carry umbrellas or wear glasses or spectacles. Until 1896, they were forced to twist their turbans instead of folding them (Malcolm 1905, 45). How to cite Zoroastrian Mythology, Papers